Visual Experience–Independent Functional Expression of NMDA Receptors in the Developing Rabbit Retina

Chang, Yun-Chieh; Chen, Chih-Yang; Chiao, Chuan-Chin

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4217

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…AGB labeling secondary to endogenous (basal) or exogenous (ligand) activation reports on the cation entry history of the cell and not the summed excitation/inhibitory history (Marc et al, 2005). Guanidinium compounds like AGB permeate cation channels and are immunodetectable when only a small fraction of glutamate receptors have been activated (Picco and Menini, 1993; Marc et al, 2005) using short incubation times secondary to ligand activation (Marc, 1999a,b; Michel et al, 1999; Edwards and Michel, 2003; Marc et al, 2005; Sun and Kalloniatis, 2006; Acosta et al, 2007; Edwards et al, 2007; Chang and Chiao, 2008; Mobley et al, 2008; Chang et al, 2010; Chen and Chiao, 2012). Factors that will affect AGB labeling include cell volume, channel size, number of open channels, ligand affinity of receptor channel, channel permeation, and channel desensitization (Marc, 1999a,b; Marc et al, 2005; Sun and Kalloniatis, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping kainate activation of inner neurons in the rat retina

Nivison‐Smith

Sun

Fletcher

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Kainate receptors mediate fast, excitatory synaptic transmission for a range of inner neurons in the mammalian retina. However, allocation of functional kainate receptors to known cell types and their sensitivity remains unresolved. Using the cation channel probe 1-amino-4-guanidobutane agmatine (AGB), we investigated kainate sensitivity of neurochemically identified cell populations within the structurally intact rat retina. Most inner retinal neuron populations responded to kainate in a concentration-dependent manner. OFF cone bipolar cells demonstrated the highest sensitivity of all inner neurons to kainate. Immunocytochemical localization of AGB and macromolecular markers confirmed that type 2 bipolar cells were part of this kainate-sensitive population. The majority of amacrine (ACs) and ganglion cells (GCs) showed kainate responses with different sensitivities between major neurochemical classes (γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]/glycine ACs > glycine ACs > GABA ACs; glutamate [Glu]/weakly GABA GCs > Glu GCs). Conventional and displaced cholinergic ACs were highly responsive to kainate, whereas dopaminergic ACs do not appear to express functional kainate receptors. These findings further contribute to our understanding of neuronal networks in complex multicellular tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping kainate activation of inner neurons in the rat retina

Nivison‐Smith

Sun

Fletcher

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In particular, Xue et al [42] have shown by immunoblotting an increase in total NR1 protein levels at P12 and P60 rat retinas using 1 week dark rearing, while dark rearing from birth did not cause detectable changes in total NR1 immunoreactivity in rabbit and rat retinas [27,41]. This discrepancy between changes in mRNA and protein levels of expression might be attributed mainly to the different sensitivities of the methodologies, or to the different species used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of NMDAR subunits in the mammalian retina has been studied at the mRNA and protein level, as well as during development [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In rat retina, the NR1 subunit mRNA is expressed in virtually all neurons in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and inner nuclear layer [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Visual Experience-dependent Expression of NMDAR1 Splice Variants in Rat Retina

et al. 2011

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The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a key molecule mediating brain plasticity related processes. Knowing that alternative splicing of the NMDAR1 (NR1) subunit offers molecular diversity to NMDAR, controls the forward trafficking of the NR1 protein and is important for placing NMDA receptors at synapses, we investigated herein the postnatal developmental expression and the influence of visual deprivation on NR1 subunit splice variants in rat retina. Real-time PCR was performed using oligonucleotide primers specific for N- terminal (NR1a, NR1b) and C-terminal splice variants (NR1-1, NR1-2, NR1-3, NR1-4). The developmental profiles of mRNA expression levels of all NR1 isoforms peaked at the end of the third week. Dark rearing led to reductions in both N- and C-terminal NR1 variants in several developmental ages and a significant interaction between age and visual experience was observed for NR1a, NR1-2 and NR1-4 expression. Our results have demonstrated a developmental and visual experience-dependent regulation of NR1 splicing in rat retina.

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“…This implies that it has important functions in the emergence of specific retinal circuits (Chang et al, 2010). In addition, in the developing rat retina, the NMDARs can play essential roles in mediating neural plasticity.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chang et al (2010) reported that the expression of NR1 and NR2A/B receptor subunits of NMDAR was independent of visual experience and that light deprivation did not influenced the functional NMDARs in the developing retina of the rabbit.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous spontaneous ultraweak photon emission in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections before birth

Bókkon¹,

Scholkmann

Salari

et al. 2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractIn 1963, it was suggested [Sperry, R.W. (1963). Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50, 703–710.] that molecular cues can direct the development of orderly connections between the eye and the brain (the “chemoaffinity hypothesis”). In the same year, the amazing degree of functional accuracy of the visual pathway in the absence of any external light/photon perception prior to birth [Wiesel, T.N and Hubel, D.H. (1963). Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 1003–1017.] was discovered. These recognitions revealed that the wiring of the visual system relies on innate cues. However, how the eye-specific retinogeniculate pathway can be developed before birth without any visual experience is still an unresolved issue. In the present paper, we suggest that Müller cells (functioning as optical fibers), Müller cell cone (i.e. the inner half of the foveola that is created of an inverted cone-shaped zone of Müller cells), discrete retinal noise of rods, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells might have key functions by means of retinal spontaneous ultraweak photon emission in the development of eye-specific retinogeniculate pathways prior to birth.

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Visual Experience–Independent Functional Expression of NMDA Receptors in the Developing Rabbit Retina

Cited by 14 publications

References 83 publications

Mapping kainate activation of inner neurons in the rat retina

Mapping kainate activation of inner neurons in the rat retina

Age and Visual Experience-dependent Expression of NMDAR1 Splice Variants in Rat Retina

Endogenous spontaneous ultraweak photon emission in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections before birth

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