Visual Expertise as Embodied Practice

Abstract

This study looks at the practice of thoracic radiology and follows a group of radiologists and radiophysicists in their efforts

Unboxing the Black Box of Visual Expertise in Medicine

“…The study by Ivarsson (2017) investigates a different observable aspect of medical (visual) expertise, namely gestures. As described above, verbalising visual process is a rather difficult endeavour for which gestures can be really helpful.…”

Methodologies for Studying Visual Expertise

“…activation and detection metaphors); rather, seeing is a socially situated activity accomplished through the deployment of a range of historically matured discursive practices. These practices constitute visual expertise in Goodwin's terms, and they are negotiated around a common object of disciplined perception (Ivarsson, 2017;Lindwall & Lymer, 2008;Stevens & Hall, 1998), in the study of Slack and colleagues (2007): pictorial representations of the breast produced by an X-ray apparatus. Slack et al identified practices such as arranging mammograms, manipulating, annotating, gesturing, and pointing that contribute to the lived work of doing a radiologic diagnosis.…”

“…Finally, the practice metaphor corresponds with ethnomethodology. Ivarsson (2017) offers an ethnomethodological reflection of visual expertise as embodied practice. As a contribution that overarches the four metaphors, Williams and colleagues (2017) describe how the expert performance approach can inform research designs intending to study visual expertise.…”

“…Much medical research done in both traditions has been reviewed elsewhere (Boshuizen & Schmidt, 2008;Ericsson, 2004;Gegenfurtner, Kok, Van Geel, De Bruin, Jarodzka, Szulewski, & Van Merriënboer, 2017;Gegenfurtner, Siewiorek, Lehtinen, & Säljö, 2013;Patel, Arocha, & Zhang, 2005). Recently, alternative approaches have been formulated; these suggest that a good eye is indicated by neurophysiologic events in certain brain areas (Bilalić, 2017;Gegenfurtner, Kok, Van Geel, De Bruin, & Sorger, 2017b;Haller & Radue, 2005), and is accomplished through situated social discourse (Ivarsson, 2017;Johansson, Lindwall, & Rystedt, 2017;Koschmann, LeBaron, Goodwin, Zemel, & Dunnington, 2007). In short, the allegory of having a good eye in medicine is proposed, indicated, and elaborated by various measures contingent on diverse methodological arenas that all attempt to advance our understanding of what constitutes visual expertise.…”

“…Each article is devoted to one approach (or to a combination of approaches) and discusses its affordances and constraints for empirically analyzing visual expertise. These approaches are: cognitive-neurosciences (Gegenfurtner et al, 2017b), receiver operating characteristics analysis (Krupsinki, 2017), eye tracking (Fox & Faulkner-Jones, 2017), pupillometry (Szulewski, Kelton, & Howes, 2017), the flash-preview moving window paradigm (Litchfield & Donovan, 2017), the combination of eye tracking data and verbal report data (Helle, 2017), the use of interviews and verbal protocols (Van de Wiel, 2017), ethnomethodology (Ivarsson, 2017), and the expert performance approach (Williams, Fawyer, & Hodges, 2017). The special issue closes with two commentaries (Boucheix, 2017;Jarodzka & Boshuizen, 2017).…”