Visual objects in context

Bär, Markus

doi:10.1038/nrn1476

Cited by 1,424 publications

(1,427 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Graf et al suggested that the first object in the sequence adjusts the orientation of an abstract reference frame in which the second object is initially processed. However, the preceding context may also provide semantic and structural information that could facilitate the recognition of the object (Bar, 2004;Biederman et al, 1982) in addition to orientation priming. Bar (2004) recently proposed a physiologically motivated model of object recognition in which he suggested that the scene context may facilitate the initial processing of the objectfor example, by limiting the search space during object recognition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bar (2004) suggested that the "gist" of a scene is processed very quickly with low spatial frequencies and that this serves to restrict the search space for possible objects. Hollingworth and Henderson (1998), on the other hand, found no object-scene congruency advantage when they repeated the Biederman et al (1982) study and controlled for position cues and response bias.…”

Section: Context Influences On Object Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speed limits: Orientation and semantic context interactions constrain natural scene discrimination dynamics.

Rieger

Köchy

Schalk

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The visual system rapidly extracts information about objects from the cluttered natural environment. In 5 experiments, the authors quantified the influence of orientation and semantics on the classification speed of objects in natural scenes, particularly with regard to object-context interactions. Natural scene photographs were presented in an object-discrimination task and pattern masked with various scene-tomask stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). Full psychometric functions and reaction times (RTs) were measured. The authors found that (a) rotating the full scenes increased threshold SOA at intermediate rotation angles but not for inversion; (b) rotating object or context degraded classification performance in a similar manner; (c) semantically congruent contexts had negligible facilitatory effects on object classification compared with meaningless baseline contexts with a matching contrast structure, but incongruent contexts severely degraded performance; (d) any object-context incongruence (orientation or semantic) increased RTs at longer SOAs, indicating dependent processing of object and context; and (e) facilitatory effects of context emerged only when the context shortly preceded the object. The authors conclude that the effects of natural scene context on object classification are primarily inhibitory and discuss possible reasons.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Context Influences On Object Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed limits: Orientation and semantic context interactions constrain natural scene discrimination dynamics.

Rieger

Köchy

Schalk

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…An important source of contextual information is global scene representation (Bar, 2004;Oliva and Torralba, 54 2007). Therefore, feedback may use coarse information carried via LSF.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cortical feedback signals generalise across different spatial frequencies of feedforward inputs

2018

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Primary visual cortex (V1) has small receptive fields and processes feedforward information at a fine-18 grained spatial scale, whereas higher visual areas have larger, spatially invariant receptive fields. Therefore, 19 feedback could provide coarse information about the global scene structure or alternatively recover fine-20 grained structure by targeting small receptive fields in V1. We tested if feedback signals generalise across 21 different spatial frequencies of feedforward inputs, or if they are tuned to the spatial scale of the visual 22 scene. Using a partial occlusion paradigm, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivoxel 23 pattern analysis (MVPA) we investigated whether feedback to V1 contains coarse or fine-grained 24 information by manipulating the spatial frequency of the scene surround outside an occluded image portion. 25We show that feedback transmits both coarse and fine-grained information as it carries information about 26 both low (LSF) and high spatial frequencies (HSF

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“…Effects of emotion and memory on scene recognition 30 consistent with the assumption that this region is rapidly involved in the analysis of diagnostic 653 contextual information, primarily conveyed by magnocellular input (Bar, 2009(Bar, , 2007(Bar, , 2004. 654…”

Section: Emotion-dependent Monotonic Accumulation Of Perceptual Evidementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Our new ERP 703 findings are consistent with a recent theoretical proposal (Barrett and Bar, 2009) suggesting that 704 the affective properties of the visual input are intrinsically embedded in the predictions generated 705 during the rapid extraction of its gist. Given the direct anatomical projections from specific 706 medial frontal brain areas (including the ACC and insula) --active during recognition processes--707 to autonomic and endocrine output centers in the hypothalamus, midbrain, and brainstem, 708 internal affective states of the organism might potentially be one feature of the set of predictions 709 used to facilitate recognition (Bar and Aminoff, 2003;Bar, 2004;Barrett and Bar, 2009). …”

Section: Emotion-dependent Monotonic Accumulation Of Perceptual Evidementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple synergistic effects of emotion and memory on proactive processes leading to scene recognition

Schettino

Loeys

2013

NeuroImage

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21Visual scene recognition is a proactive process through which contextual cues and top-down 22 expectations facilitate the extraction of invariant features. Whether the emotional content of the 23 scenes exerts a reliable influence on these processes or not, however, remains an open question. 24Here, topographic ERP mapping analysis and a distributed source localization method were used 25 to characterize the electrophysiological correlates of proactive processes leading to scene 26 recognition, as well as the potential modulation of these processes by memory and emotion. On 27 each trial, the content of a complex neutral or emotional scene was progressively revealed, and 28 participants were asked to decide whether this scene had previously been encountered or not 29(delayed match-to-sample task). Behavioral results showed earlier recognition for old compared 30to new scenes, as well as delayed recognition for emotional vs. neutral scenes. 31Electrophysiological results revealed that, ~400 ms following stimulus onset, activity in ventral 32 object-selective regions increased linearly as a function of accumulation of perceptual evidence 33 prior to recognition of old scenes. The emotional content of the scenes had an early influence in 34 these areas. By comparison, at the same latency, the processing of new scenes was mostly 35 achieved by dorsal and medial frontal brain areas, including the anterior cingulate cortex and the 36 insula. In the latter region, emotion biased recognition at later stages, likely corresponding to 37 decision making processes. These findings suggest that emotion can operate at distinct and 38 multiple levels during proactive processes leading to scene recognition, depending on the extent 39 of prior encounter with these scenes. 40

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Visual objects in context

Cited by 1,424 publications

References 135 publications

Speed limits: Orientation and semantic context interactions constrain natural scene discrimination dynamics.

Speed limits: Orientation and semantic context interactions constrain natural scene discrimination dynamics.

Cortical feedback signals generalise across different spatial frequencies of feedforward inputs

Multiple synergistic effects of emotion and memory on proactive processes leading to scene recognition

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