Visual observation of gas-hydrate formation and dissociation in synthetic porous media by means of glass micromodels

Tohidi, Bahman; Anderson, Ross; Clennell, Michael B.; Burgass, Rhoderick William; Biderkab, Ali Bashir

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0867:vooghf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 347 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The largest challenge in hydrate research is to describe the kinetics of hydrate formation and decomposition. It has been theoretically demonstrated and experimentally observed that hydrate formation is not restricted to a thin layer close to the gas-liquid interface but can occur anywhere in the liquid water phase if the solution is supersaturated [Tohidi et al, 2001]. However, the formation mechanism is still not fully understood, especially in porous media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann model for crystal growth from supersaturated solution

Kang

Zhang

Lichtner

et al. 2004

Geophysical Research Letters

100

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[1] We develop a new, lattice effects-free lattice Boltzmann model for simulating crystal growth from supersaturated solution. Simulations of crystal growth from a single or multiple nuclei in a domain initially filled with supersaturated solution are presented, such as in the case of gas hydrate formation. We find that as the process changes from diffusion-controlled to surface reaction-controlled, the crystal transforms from open cluster-type structure, via compact coral-type structure, to compact circular structure, and correspondingly, the fractal dimension of the crystal structure increases from a value close to that of a diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) structure to the Euclidian value for a circle. At a high Damkohler number, crystal formed from a single nucleus becomes more compact as the saturation increases. At a low Damkohler number, the crystal has a fairly round shape for different saturation values and the effect of saturation is insignificant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann model for crystal growth from supersaturated solution

Kang

Zhang

Lichtner

et al. 2004

Geophysical Research Letters

100

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“…IODP | Volume 311 Kimura, Silver, Blum, et al, 1997;Ginsberg et al, 2000) and terrestrial (Dallimore et al, 1999;Boswell et al, 2008) locations and in laboratory experiments (e.g., Tohidi et al, 2001;Uchida et al, 1999). The separation of high gas hydrate concentrations within the sandier turbidite sequences and low to absent gas hydrate concentrations within the finer grained sediments without any evidence for an underlying gas migration component can be explained by the model of Malinverno (2010), in which gas is microbially generated in the finer grained sediments and then transported by diffusion into the sandier sediments, where it accumulates to saturations in excess of local solubility.…”

Section: A Modified Model Of Fluid Expulsion and Gas Hydrate Formatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedition 311 Synthesis: scientific findings

Riedel¹,

Collett²,

Malone³

2010

Proceedings of the IODP

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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311 was conducted to study gas hydrate occurrences and their evolution along a transect spanning the entire northern Cascadia accretionary margin. A transect of four research sites (U1325, U1326, U1327, and U1329) was established over a distance of 32 km, extending from Site U1326 near the deformation front to Site U1329 at the eastern limit of the inferred gas hydrate occurrence zone. In addition to the transect, a fifth site (U1328) was established at a cold vent setting with active fluid and gas expulsion, which provided an opportunity to compare regional pervasive fluid-flow regimes to a site of focused fluid advection. In this synthesis, a revised gas hydrate formation model is proposed based on a combination of geophysical, geochemical, and sedimentological data acquired during and after Expedition 311 and from previous studies. The main elements of this revised model are as follows:1. Fluid expulsion by tectonic compression of accreted sediments at nonuniform expulsion rates along the transect results in the evolution of variable pore water regimes across the margin. Sites closer to the deformation front are characterized by pore fluids enriched in dissolved salts at depth, where zeolite formation from ash diagenesis is dominant. In contrast, the landward portion of the margin shows a freshening of pore fluids with depth as a result of the progressive overprinting of diagenetic salt generation with freshwater generation from the smectite-to-illite transition at greater depth. 2. In situ methane produced by microbial CO 2 reduction within the gas hydrate stability zone is the prevalent gas source for gas hydrate formation. 3. Some minor methane advection from depth is required overall to explain the occurrence of gas hydrate (and the associated downhole isotopic signatures of CH 4 and CO 2 ) within the sediments of the accretionary prism and the absence of gas hydrate within the abyssal plain sediments. In contrast, methane migrating from depth is a dominant source for gas hydrate formation at the cold vent Site U1328 (Bullseye vent). 4. Gas hydrate preferentially forms in coarser grained sandy/silt turbidites, resulting in very high local gas hydrate concentrations. Typically, gas hydrate occupies <5% of the pore space throughout the gas hydrate stability zone. Higher gas hydrate saturations were observed in intervals with abundant coarse-

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“…The magnitude of this resource can make gas hydrate reserves a sustainable energy resource. The potential benefit of gas hydrates is also supported by the environmentally friendly nature of natural gas compared to other fossil fuels [14]. Gas can be produced from hydrate deposits through dissociation of hydrate.…”

Section: Sustainable Energy Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tohidi et al [14] performed series of visualization experiments using twodimensional transparent glass micro-models and stipulated that hydrates can be formed form either free gas or dissolved gas in the system. They concluded that hydrates usually form at the center of pore spaces with a thin film of water covering the grains instead of nucleating around the grains.…”

Section: Literatures/recent Work On Gas Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrate—Properties, Formation and Benefits

Aregbe¹

2017

OJOGas

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There are numerous gas hydrate reserves all over the world, especially in permafrost regions and ocean environments. The abundance of gas hydrate reserves is estimated to be more than twice of the combined carbon of coal, conventional gas and petroleum reserves. These hydrate deposits hold significant amount of energy which can make hydrate a sustainable energy resource. The comprehensive research on the properties and formation of methane hydrates is paramount to ensure efficient and effective exploration and development of hydrate reserves. Natural gas is mostly distributed for different purposes through pipelines or pressure vessels such as dry gas, compressed gas or liquefied gas, which means transporting natural gas creates serious safety concerns because methane is highly flammable and almost impossible to detect any leak without using odorant. Alternatively, natural gas can be stored and transported as gas hydrate turns solid or slurry. Gas hydrate can be stored at equilibrium conditions with either saturation temperature or pressure. The equilibrium conditions are influenced by the cost and weight of storage vessel. Hydrate can be transported either as slurry or solid depending on the location of target or destination. The slurry form is usually a better option for distance of approximately 2500 mile or less while the solid form can be used for distances of roughly 3500 miles or more. The paper examines the properties, formation and benefits of gas hydrate. The suitability of gas hydrate as a sustainable energy resource and the possibility of using gas hydrate for the transportation and storage of natural gas (methane) are also stated. Natural gas transportation and storage as gas hydrate will create effectively and efficiently alternative bulk gas transportation and storage for future use of the gas.

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Visual observation of gas-hydrate formation and dissociation in synthetic porous media by means of glass micromodels

Cited by 347 publications

References 12 publications

Lattice Boltzmann model for crystal growth from supersaturated solution

Lattice Boltzmann model for crystal growth from supersaturated solution

Expedition 311 Synthesis: scientific findings

Gas Hydrate—Properties, Formation and Benefits

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