Visualization of Diffuse Centromeres with Centromere-Specific Histone H3 in the Holocentric Plant<i>Luzula nivea</i>

Nagaki, Kiyotaka; Kashihara, Kazunari; Murata, Minoru

doi:10.1105/tpc.105.032961

Cited by 109 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…been isolated as cDNA only from L. nivea (Nagaki et al, 2005), L. canariensis and L. sylvatica (this study), and the immunostaining experiments performed by Nagaki's group could not confirm whether it was also translated because the authors did not use an isoform A-specific antibody (Moraes et al, 2011). The possession of two CenH3 isoforms appears to be common in plants, and either one or both of them can be functional (Lermontova and Schubert, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Eight sequences were obtained as cDNA, while we inferred the rest of the coding sequences from the PCRamplified genomic DNA (Table 1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two well-separated clades corresponding to previously described isoforms A and B from L. nivea (Nagaki et al, 2005;Moraes et al, 2011; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two sequences from L. nivea were previously published (Nagaki et al, 2005;Moraes et al, 2011), and we obtained them from GenBank (accession nos AB201356.2 and HM988988.1), while the rest are reported here for the first time (Table 1). Eight sequences were obtained as cDNA, while we inferred the rest of the coding sequences from the PCRamplified genomic DNA (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1; Nagaki et al, 2005, Moraes et al, 2011. It is likely that these isoforms originated from an ancient duplication event that had occurred prior to the divergence of analysed Luzula species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of positive selection on CenH3 inLuzulasuggests that holokinetic chromosomes may suppress centromere drive

Zedek

Bureš

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims The centromere drive theory explains diversity of eukaryotic centromeres as a consequence of the recurrent conflict between centromeric repeats and centromeric histone H3 (CenH3), in which selfish centromeres exploit meiotic asymmetry and CenH3 evolves adaptively to counterbalance deleterious consequences of driving centromeres. Accordingly, adaptively evolving CenH3 has so far been observed only in eukaryotes with asymmetric meiosis. However, if such evolution is a consequence of centromere drive, it should depend not only on meiotic asymmetry but also on monocentric or holokinetic chromosomal structure. Selective pressures acting on CenH3 have never been investigated in organisms with holokinetic meiosis despite the fact that holokinetic chromosomes have been hypothesized to suppress centromere drive. Therefore, the present study evaluates selective pressures acting on the CenH3 gene in holokinetic organisms for the first time, specifically in the representatives of the plant genus Luzula (Juncaceae), in which the kinetochore formation is not co-localized with any type of centromeric repeat.Methods PCR, cloning and sequencing, and database searches were used to obtain coding CenH3 sequences from Luzula species. Codon substitution models were employed to infer selective regimes acting on CenH3 in Luzula.Key Results In addition to the two previously published CenH3 sequences from L. nivea, 16 new CenH3 sequences have been isolated from 12 Luzula species. Two CenH3 isoforms in Luzula that originated by a duplication event prior to the divergence of analysed species were found. No signs of positive selection acting on CenH3 in Luzula were detected. Instead, evidence was found that selection on CenH3 of Luzula might have been relaxed.Conclusions The results indicate that holokinetism itself may suppress centromere drive and, therefore, holokinetic chromosomes might have evolved as a defence against centromere drive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of positive selection on CenH3 inLuzulasuggests that holokinetic chromosomes may suppress centromere drive

Zedek

Bureš

2016

Ann Bot

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“…Initial RT-PCR using a monocotyledon-specific CENH3 primer pair (46) (Table S1, primer pair 1/2) for isolating on Hordeum CENH3 amplified parts of the two CENH3 variants in H. vulgare called HvαCENH3 and HvβCENH3. BLAST analysis against the National Center for Biotechnology Information database resulted in the identification of the 5′ region of HvαCENH3 (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) from centromeres precedes uniparental chromosome elimination in interspecific barley hybrids

Sanei

Pickering

Kumke

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

283

231

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Uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. We studied the mechanism underlying selective elimination of the paternal chromosomes during the early development of Hordeum vulgare × Hordeum bulbosum embryos. The following conclusions regarding the role of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant (CENH3) in the process of chromosome elimination were drawn: (i) centromere inactivity of H. bulbosum chromosomes triggers the mitosis-dependent process of uniparental chromosome elimination in unstable H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrids; (ii) centromeric loss of CENH3 protein rather than uniparental silencing of CENH3 genes causes centromere inactivity; (iii) in stable species combinations, cross-species incorporation of CENH3 occurs despite centromere-sequence differences, and not all CENH3 variants get incorporated into centromeres if multiple CENH3s are present in species combinations; and (iv) diploid barley species encode two CENH3 variants, the proteins of which are intermingled within centromeres throughout mitosis and meiosis.kinetochore | interspecies hybridization | micronuclei | wide crosses

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Karyotype Evolution in Holocentric Organisms

Márquez‐Corro

Martín‐Bravo

Pedrosa‐Harand

et al. 2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Holocentric chromosomes are characterised by the presence of kinetochoric activity along the chromosome length. This atypical chromosomal architecture has evolved independently in a wide array of lineages across the tree of life. Different mechanisms have been developed to overcome meiotic problems posed by holocentry, such as inverted meiosis and restricted kinetochore activity. Although holocentric karyotypes present potential advantages through the fission and fusion events that characterise chromosome evolution in several holocentric lineages, there is no consistent evidence of increased diversification rates in holocentric lineages relative to monocentric lineages. The extended kinetochore in holocentric chromosomes has been hypothesised to enable a unique type of meiotic drive, ‘holocentric drive’, analogous to the meiotic drive of monocentric chromosomes. However, much research remains to understand holocentrism, especially elucidating the mechanism and evolutionary implications of meiosis in unrelated holocentric lineages. Key Concepts Monocentric chromosomes are distinct from holocentric chromosomes during mitotic segregation, in which chromosomes generally adopt a V shape in the former and segregate parallel to the equatorial plate in the latter. Holocentric chromosomes are present in distantly related plant and animal lineages, suggesting several independent origins of holocentry. Monocentry appears to be ancestral in eukaryotes, and evolutionary transitions appear to have occurred from monocentric to holocentric, and vice versa. Reversions from holocentric to monocentric chromosomes appear to have occurred more frequently than transitions from monocentry to holocentry. Although holocentric chromosomes would seem like an adaptive advantage, there is no clear pattern when compared to monocentric lineages, as both types could present different evolutionary advantages.

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Visualization of Diffuse Centromeres with Centromere-Specific Histone H3 in the Holocentric PlantLuzula nivea

Cited by 109 publications

References 30 publications

Absence of positive selection on CenH3 inLuzulasuggests that holokinetic chromosomes may suppress centromere drive

Absence of positive selection on CenH3 inLuzulasuggests that holokinetic chromosomes may suppress centromere drive

Loss of centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) from centromeres precedes uniparental chromosome elimination in interspecific barley hybrids

Karyotype Evolution in Holocentric Organisms

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