Visualization of the oxygen partial pressure in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell during cell operation with low oxygen concentrations

Kakizawa, Yu; Schreiber, Christopher L.; Takamuku, Shogo; Uchida, Makoto; Iiyama, Akihiro; Inukai, Junji

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229193

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The oxygen-sensitive dye, Pt( II )tetrakis-pentafluorophenylporphyrin (PtTFPP), was used as the oxygen sensor. − PtTFPP was mixed with poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propylene) ( poly TMSP) and toluene, where the concentration of the dye solution was adjusted to 25 wt % for PtTFPP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To optimize the mode of operation, the behavior of the water or gas inside the fuel cell under operating conditions needs to be clarified. Hence, operando measurements have been carried out for liquid water in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and the gas flow channels of fuel cells by direct optical systems, − X-ray imaging, , neutron imaging, − and vibrational spectroscopy. − Recently, the oxygen partial pressure ( p (O 2 )) using oxygen-sensitive dye is measured during the power generation. − Higher special and temporal resolutions are being required for those operando measurements to understand the transient behavior in PEMFC especially used for automobile applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operando Monitoring of Oxygen Drop in Catalyst Layers Accompanied by a Water Increase in Running Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Nishiyama

Inukai

2023

ACS Omega

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Accurate understanding of internal phenomena and their feedback is intrinsically important for improving the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The oxygen partial pressure (p(O2)) at 10 μm from the cathode catalyst layer (CL) in the gas diffusion layer was measured by using an optical fiber with an oxygen-sensitive dye applied to the apex, when the current density was abruptly increased. p(O2) decreased with increasing current density at constant air utilization. This decrease in oxygen partial pressure is attributed to the increased amount of water at the CL at the cathode due to the oxygen reduction reaction and electro-osmotic drag, as previously proposed. A shortage of oxygen in the CL for 1 s was also detected by using this p(O2) monitoring. These results are consistent with the previous results obtained by operando time-resolved measurements of the water distribution in the electrolyte membranes of a running fuel cell.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Monitoring of Oxygen Drop in Catalyst Layers Accompanied by a Water Increase in Running Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Nishiyama

Inukai

2023

ACS Omega

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“…Kakizawa et al evaluated the effect of the partial pressure changes of oxygen with 3, 5, and 10% oxygen in air and found that, the oxygen starvation lead to the hydrogen evolution reaction in the cathode and this in turn reduced the overall performance. In addition the performance degradation was supported by the reduction of electrochemical active surface area which reduced from 69.9 to 67.6 m 2 /g and oxygen consumption by the hydrogen evolved on the cathode was found to be 0.07–0.7% 39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A study of the influence of current ramp rate on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Chandran

Palaniswamy²,

Babu³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Durability and reliability are the key factors that prevent fuel cells from successful implementation in automotive sector. Dynamic load change is a common and frequent condition that the fuel cell has to undergo in automotive applications. Fuel cells are more sensitive to changes in load conditions and degrade based on load variation representing idling, rated power, and high power operating conditions. To examine the influence of dynamic load step on the fuel cell performance, two similar cells of active 25 cm2 was tested under two different load step for the same dynamic load cycle. The main difference in dynamic load cycle 2 was the ramp rate which was fixed as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.25 A/cm2/s for 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 A/cm2 respectively. To investigate the degradative effects, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used. The results indicated that the degradation rate increased in both dynamic load cycles but however the impact of load change was comparatively minimal in dynamic load cycle 2. The total degradation in performance was 20.67% and 10.72% in dynamic load cycles 1 and 2 respectively. Fuel cell performance degraded in a manner that was consistent with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cross-sectional analysis of field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results prove that the degradation rate is dependent on the load step and the number of load cycles. Severe catalyst degradation and delamination were observed in fuel cells operated under dynamic load cycle 1.

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“…gas pressure [9-10], and gas flow rate [11][12][13]. Material aspects, such as catalyst performance [14] and the permeability and conductivity of porous media [15][16], can also affect fuel cell power output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They summarized the research progress on the structure and function of various subsystems, introduced integration solutions for different applications, and proposed various control strategies for each PEMFC subsystem. Operating conditions mainly include factors such as operating temperature [6-8],gas pressure [9-10], and gas flow rate [11][12][13]. Material aspects, such as catalyst performance [14] and the permeability and conductivity of porous media [15][16], can also affect fuel cell power output.Fuel cell performance sensitivity analysis: Sensitivity analysis is a method used to assess the sensitivity of a model or system to changes in input parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis and optimization of operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Liao,

Photong,

2024

J Appl Electrochem

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Power characteristics are important indicators of fuel cell performance. In the actual operation of fuel cells, changes in operating conditions lead to variations in their power characteristics. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the impact of operating conditions on power characteristics. This paper analyzes the factors influencing fuel cell power and uses sensitivity analysis to investigate how different factors affect fuel cell performance. The operating parameters are optimized using a Bayesian-optimized Gaussian process regression model. The research results indicate that temperature has the greatest impact on fuel cell power, followed by stoichiometry and backpressure. The Bayesian-optimized Gaussian process regression model performs the best, reducing its RSME from 0.1 to 0.0556. Residual analysis and regression characteristic analysis verify the optimized model's improved fitting and regression characteristics. Based on the Bayesian-Gaussian process regression model, the optimized operating parameters are obtained for maximum power: a temperature of 80 °C, stoichiometry of 4, and backpressure of 1.7 bar. This paper provides theoretical support for improving fuel cell performance.。 Keyword: Fuel cells, operating conditions, power characteristics, sensitivity analysis, Gaussian process regression model IntroductionProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), with their advantages of zero emissions, environmental friendliness, high power density, low noise, and long lifespan, have the potential to promote sustainable transportation and environmental development in various fields [1-2]. However, drawbacks such as relatively poor transient response characteristics and environmental adaptability have limited their commercial development [3]. In light of these challenges, enhancing fuel cell performance has become a focal point of industry research. Power, as a crucial parameter for assessing fuel cell performance and lifespan, is not only related to the performance and feasibility of fuel cells in various applications but also provides an effective basis for judging fuel cell performance degradation. Therefore, research on fuel cell power and its influencing factors is paramount.Factors affecting fuel cell power: Several factors affect system design, operating conditions, and materials. System 2 design primarily includes aspects such as system integration and control. Kim et al. [4] established a transient model of a fuel cell system and proposed a time-delay control strategy to prevent air starvation and flooding. This strategy adjusts the optimal stoichiometry of oxygen and hydrogen. The study verified that this control strategy is crucial in improving the transient performance of PEMFC systems through a comparative analysis with feedforward control and linear quadratic Gaussian control with a state estimator. To comprehensively understand the coupled effects of different factors on the overall performance and durability of PEMFC, Wu et al. [5] reviewed four aspects: fuel cell stack, subsystems, system in...

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Visualization of the oxygen partial pressure in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell during cell operation with low oxygen concentrations

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Operando Monitoring of Oxygen Drop in Catalyst Layers Accompanied by a Water Increase in Running Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Operando Monitoring of Oxygen Drop in Catalyst Layers Accompanied by a Water Increase in Running Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A study of the influence of current ramp rate on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Sensitivity analysis and optimization of operating conditions of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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