Vitamin B12 Status of Various Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand: An Analysis of the Adult Nutrition Survey 2008/2009

Devi, A. Thirumani; Rush, Elaine; Harper, Michelle J.; Venn, Bernard

doi:10.3390/nu10020181

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the Ministry includes South Asian within the group Asian. We show a difference in diet between Asian and South Asian reflecting known differences in dietary patterns [20], otherwise our findings for vegetable and fruit intake are similar to the national survey.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status

et al. 2020

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Carotenoids, orange-coloured pigments found in vegetables, fruit, eggs and dairy foods, act as antioxidants and vitamin A precursors in the human body. Skin carotenoid concentration is a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake. The aim was to identify determinants of skin carotenoid concentration by measuring “Veggie Meter™” carotenoid reflection spectroscopy scores (CRS) from the fingertip of adults with a range of ages, ethnicity and body size. Frequencies of daily intake of vegetables and fruit and weekly intake of pumpkin and carrot, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), eggs (yolk), and dairy were determined from a self-completed food-frequency-questionnaire. A total of 571 (324 Women, 247 Men) adults, aged 16 to 85 years, completed measurements. The CRS ranged from 83 to 769, with a median of 327. Women and men did not score differently. For all participants there were negative correlations of CRS with weight (r = −0.312) and BMI (r = −0.338) and positive correlations with weekly intakes of DGLV (r = 0.242) and carrots and pumpkin (r = 0.202). Based on a review of health outcomes associated with plasma carotenoids, 82% of the participants in the current study are at moderate risk, or more, of negative health outcomes. Determinants of carotenoid status were body size, intake of DGLV, carrots and pumpkin, and ethnicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status

et al. 2020

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“…Another observational study by Carmel et al [ 23 ] reported that vitamin B12 deficiency was most common in elderly white men and least common in black and Asian American women. A large cross-sectional survey conducted in New Zealanders aged ≥ 15 years showed that Māori/Pacific and East/South-East Asian groups had the highest vitamin B12 levels, whereas those most at risk of low vitamin B12 status were South Asians, including people with ancestral origins in the Indian subcontinent[ 24 ]. Māori and Pacific Island groups were the least likely to have inadequate vitamin B12 intakes compared with New Zealand Europeans, while the latter group was more likely to have an adequate vitamin B12 status compared with South Asians[ 24 ].…”

Section: Causes Of Vitamin B12 Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: an association to bear in mind

Infante¹,

Leoni²,

Caprio³

et al. 2021

WJD

118

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To date, metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy profile. Indeed, metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent, being prescribed to more than 100 million people worldwide, including patients with prediabetes, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, over the last decades several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Of note, evidence suggests that long-term and high-dose metformin therapy impairs vitamin B12 status. Vitamin B12 (also referred to as cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that is mainly obtained from animal-sourced foods. At the cellular level, vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes that play a critical role in DNA synthesis and neuroprotection. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of clinical consequences that include hematologic abnormalities ( e.g. , megaloblastic anemia and formation of hypersegmented neutrophils), progressive axonal demyelination and peripheral neuropathy. Nevertheless, no definite guidelines are currently available for vitamin B12 deficiency screening in patients on metformin therapy, and vitamin B12 deficiency remains frequently unrecognized in such individuals. Therefore, in this “field of vision” article we propose a list of criteria for a cost-effective vitamin B12 deficiency screening in metformin-treated patients, which could serve as a practical guide for identifying individuals at high risk for this condition. Moreover, we discuss additional relevant topics related to this field, including: (1) The lack of consensus about the exact definition of vitamin B12 deficiency; (2) The definition of reliable biomarkers of vitamin B12 status; (3) Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency other than metformin therapy that should be identified promptly in metformin-treated patients for a proper differential diagnosis; and (4) Potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. Finally, we briefly review basic concepts related to vitamin B12 supplementation for the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly when this condition is induced by metformin.

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“…Fe deficiency with anaemia was defined as serum ferritin <12 μg/l and Zn protoporphyrin >60 μmol/mol and low Hb (33) . The cut-off for vitamin B 12 deficiency was <148 pmol/l (200 g/ml) and depleted was 148-221 pmol/l (35) .…”

Section: Biochemical Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality, nutrient intakes and biochemical status of New Zealand women of childbearing age according to alcohol consumption patterns

Parackal

Smith

Skidmore

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate associations between alcohol consumption patterns and diet quality, nutrient intakes and biochemical profile of women of childbearing age. Design: Nutrient intake data from 24 h diet recalls, alcohol consumption data and diet quality from the Dietary Habits Questionnaire, and biochemical analyses from the cross-sectional 2008/09 Adult Nutrition Survey in New Zealand. Setting: New Zealand households. Participants: New Zealand women aged 18–45 years (n 1124). Results: All analyses were completed using Stata and survey weights were used to allow for the complex survey design to produce population estimates. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between drinking patterns and the variables of interest, with ‘infrequent moderate/light’ drinkers being the reference category. The findings indicate that alcohol-consuming women of childbearing age tend to replace food energy with alcohol energy (P = 0·022). ‘More frequent heavy’ and ‘more frequent moderate/light’ drinkers had higher intakes of total, mono- and polyunsaturated fats with the latter group also consuming higher levels of saturated fats (P < 0·05). Women who were ‘infrequent moderate/light’ drinkers had relatively better diet quality, nutrient intakes and adequate biochemical status in comparison to other drinkers and abstainers. ‘Infrequent heavy’ drinkers, who were predominantly younger in age, had lower serum vitamin B12 levels (P = 0·01) with a higher proportion of women in this category having below-recommended levels of serum folate (P < 0·05). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, especially heavy drinking patterns, may compromise nutritional status of women of childbearing age.

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Vitamin B12 Status of Various Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand: An Analysis of the Adult Nutrition Survey 2008/2009

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status

Determinants and Suitability of Carotenoid Reflection Score as a Measure of Carotenoid Status

Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: an association to bear in mind

Diet quality, nutrient intakes and biochemical status of New Zealand women of childbearing age according to alcohol consumption patterns

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