Vitamin C: update on physiology and pharmacology

Mandl, József; Szarka, András; Bánhegyi, Gábor

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00282.x

Cited by 384 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Only few studies have monitored concentrations and vitamin C supplementation in saliva [17,39,42,43,45,47]. Requirement for vitamin C is in humans satisfied by the ordinary diet [29]. Our results have shown that vitamin C supplementation led to significantly decreased carbonyl stress and increased antioxidant status.…”

Section: Effect Of Vitamin Csupporting

confidence: 68%

Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: Influence of External Factors

2013

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Abstract.BACKGROUND: Salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status represent promising tool for the research of oral diseases. One of the criteria is the validation of these biomarkers from the perspective of the confounding and modifying factors. AIM: To examine the effect of circadian rhythm, tooth-brushing and ascorbic acid treatment on selected salivary markers of oxidative and carbonyl stress, and antioxidant status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 19 healthy participants three times during a day, before and after tooth-brushing, and before and after the administration of vitamin C (250 mg). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. RESULTS: Salivary AGEs levels varied significantly during the day (p < 0.05) with the highest concentrations in the morning. FRAP levels varied during the day (p < 0.01) with the highest concentrations in the afternoon. Tooth-brushing decreased AGEs (p < 0.05) and TBARS levels (p < 0.01) and increased FRAP levels (p < 0.05). Single intake of vitamin C significantly decreased AGEs (p < 0.001) and increased both FRAP (p < 0.01) and TAC (p < 0.01) concentrations. CONCLUSION: Significant daily variations were observed in salivary AGEs and FRAP levels. Tooth-brushing and treatment with vitamin C decreased carbonyl stress and increased the antioxidant status. These results are important from the perspective of using saliva for the research of oral diseases.

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Section: Effect Of Vitamin Csupporting

confidence: 68%

Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: Influence of External Factors

2013

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“…Th e biological viability of vitamin C reduces over time. [5] Th e metabolism of vitamin C starts from the oral buccal mucosa by means of passive diff usion. In the gastrointestinal system, the absorption is through an energy expenditure and carrier-mediated transport mechanism.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ascorbic acid in diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review

Santosh¹,

David²

2017

JMRPS

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease with no one specifi c drug available to treat. Th e main causes of DM Type 2 are insulin resistance and decreased insulin production. Oxidative damage to beta cells due to reactive oxygen species is a trusted cause of DM2. Vitamins are a class of nutrients required in miniscule quantity. Vitamin C is one of the most powerful dietary antioxidant available, closest in structure to carbohydrate. Vitamin C and glucose competitively inhibit each other to penetrate the cell membrane by the tunneling mechanism. Clinical trials have suggested that mega doses of vitamin C reduce the microvascular complications of DM2 such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and diabetic foot. Apart from this, there is another biological signifi cance of vitamin C. Vitamin C in higher dose reduces the (glycosylated hemoglobin concentration) levels and low-density lipoproteins. Role of vitamin C as an adjunct in the treatment of DM2, atherosclerosis has been signifi cantly contributory. Th is review paper presents the diff erent biological roles of vitamin C, in particular DM2.

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“…Vitamin C (vit C) is an essential dietary nutrient in humans that is involved in a wide range of biological processes including collagen biosynthesis, as a cofactor of several enzymes, facilitating iron transport and as a physiological antioxidant (Mandl et al, 2009). Studies have described the beneficial effects of vit C in treating human and experimental TB (McConkey & Smith, 1933;Hemila et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pleiotropic transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to vitamin C is robust and overlaps with the bacterial response to multiple intracellular stresses

et al. 2015

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) owes its success as a pathogen in large measure to its ability to exist in a persistent state of 'dormancy' resulting in a lifelong latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. An understanding of bacterial adaptation during dormancy will help in devising approaches to counter latent TB infection. In vitro models have provided valuable insights into bacterial adaptation; however, they have limitations because they do not disclose the bacterial response to the intracellular environment wherein the bacteria are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. We describe the pleiotropic response of Mtb in the vitamin C (vit C) model of dormancy developed in our laboratory. Vit C mediates a rapid regulation of genes representing~14 % of the genome in Mtb cultures. The upregulated genes were better represented in lipid, intermediary metabolism and regulatory protein categories. The downregulated genes mainly related to virulence, detoxification, information pathways and cell wall processes. A comparison of this response to that in other models indicates that vit C generates a multiple-stress environment for axenic Mtb cultures that resembles a macrophage-like environment. The bacterial response to vit C resembles responses to gaseous stresses such as hypoxia and nitric oxide, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, nutrient starvation and, notably, the activated macrophage environment itself. These responses demonstrate that the influence of vit C on Mtb gene expression extends well beyond the DevR dormancy regulon. A detailed characterization of the response to vit C is expected to disclose useful strategies to counter the adaptive mechanisms essential to Mtb dormancy.

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Vitamin C: update on physiology and pharmacology

Cited by 384 publications

References 183 publications

Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: Influence of External Factors

Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: Influence of External Factors

Role of ascorbic acid in diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review

The pleiotropic transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to vitamin C is robust and overlaps with the bacterial response to multiple intracellular stresses

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