Vitamin D Status Determines the Impact of Metformin on Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women

Krysiak, Robert; Kowalcze, Karolina; Szkróbka, Witold

doi:10.3390/jcm12113715

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In turn, the opposite effect, which is line with our findings, was found to be exerted at the level of pituitary cells. A low calciferol status attenuated the inhibitory effect of metformin on the gonadotropin levels observed in vitamin-D-sufficient women [40]. Moreover, the degree of reduction in gonadotropin levels in this study was positively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…A low calciferol status attenuated the inhibitory effect of metformin on the gonadotropin levels observed in vitamin-D-sufficient women [40]. Moreover, the degree of reduction in gonadotropin levels in this study was positively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels [40]. This effect may be mediated by 5 -adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, a key sensor of energy homeostasis [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

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Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

Kowalcze,

Krysiak,

Obuchowicz

2023

Nutrients

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Minipuberty is a transient phase of reproductive axis activation during the first several months of life, playing an important role in the development of reproductive organs in boys. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications. An inadequate gestational vitamin D status is hypothesized to affect the postnatal activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The purpose of our study was to assess whether a low vitamin D status during pregnancy determines the course of minipuberty in boys. The study included three groups of male infants born to women with different vitamin D statuses: sons of women with vitamin D deficiency (group 1), sons of women with vitamin D insufficiency (group 2), and male offspring of females with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (group 3 (the reference group)). Concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in saliva, as well as concentrations of gonadotropins in urine, were assayed monthly from postnatal months 1 to 6, and once every 2 months in the second half of the first year of life. Additionally, at each visit, penile length and testicular volume were assessed. Concentrations of testosterone, FSH, and LH, as well as penile length and testicular volume, were greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. In turn, group 2 was characterized by higher FSH levels and a greater testicular volume than group 3. Peak concentrations of LH and testosterone were observed earlier in group 1 than in the remaining groups. The obtained results suggest that a low vitamin D status during pregnancy may have a stimulatory impact on reproductive axis activity and on the early postnatal development of male genital organs, correlating with the severity of hypovitaminosis D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

Kowalcze,

Krysiak,

Obuchowicz

2023

Nutrients

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“…A notable decrease in consumption during summer was also observed for antidiabetic metformin. Although metformin consumption is expected to be constant throughout the year, some findings show that the drug's efficiency is lower if vitamin D levels in the blood are low [51]. Therefore, it is possible that higher doses are necessary during periods of low sunlight.…”

Section: Other Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical and Recreational Drug Usage Patterns during and Post COVID-19 Determined by Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

Tomsone,

Neilands,

Kokina

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was applied to evaluate the consumption trends of pharmaceuticals (i.e., antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, and others), as well as recreational drugs (caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine), in Latvia from December 2020 to July 2023. The time period covers both the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic periods; therefore, the impact of the implemented restrictions and the consequences of the illness in terms of the usage of pharmaceuticals thereon were investigated. Additionally, the seasonality and impact of the seasonal flu and other acute upper respiratory infections were studied. The results revealed that the pandemic impacted the consumption of alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine, as well as several pharmaceuticals, such as antihypertensives, antidepressants, psychiatric drugs, and the painkiller ibuprofen. The findings suggest that the imposed restrictions during the pandemic may have had a negative effect on the population’s health and mental well-being. Distinct seasonal trends were discovered in the consumption patterns of caffeine and alcohol, where lower use was observed during the summer. The seasonal consumption trends of pharmaceuticals were discovered in the case of antibiotics, the antiasthmatic drug salbutamol, and the decongestant xylometazoline, where higher consumption occurred during colder seasons.

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The Course of Minipuberty in Daughters of Women with Low Gestational Vitamin D Status

Kowalcze,

Krysiak,

Gullo

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Minipuberty is a term describing temporary, sex-specific activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, which is implicated in the development of male and female genital organs. Sons of women with low vitamin D during gestation were found to be characterized by increased activity of the reproductive axis and faster postnatal growth of genital organs. The current study assesses for the first time the course of minipuberty in female descendants of women with a vitamin D deficit. The study population included three matched groups of infant girls: children born to women with vitamin D deficiency (25OHD concentration below 50 nmol/L), offspring of women with vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD concentration between 50 and 75 nmol/L), and daughters of healthy females (25OHD concentration between 75 and 150 nmol/L). Salivary concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androgens, as well as urine concentrations of FSH and LH, were assayed during the first 18 months of life (once a month in the first 6 months, bimonthly between months 6 and 12, and then every three months). At each visit, beyond hormone measurements, the investigators assessed the size of reproductive organs: ovaries, uterus and breasts. In daughters of mothers with vitamin D deficiency, concentrations of FSH, LH and estradiol were higher and detectable for a longer period of time, while ovarian volume, uterine length and breast diameter were greater than in the remaining groups. Children born to women with vitamin D insufficiency were characterized by higher FSH levels than daughters of healthy females, though the detection period was the same, and both groups differed in breast diameter. These findings suggest that low vitamin D status during gestation leads to more pronounced and longer-lasting activation of the reproductive axis, and is associated with increased dimensions of sexual organs, the magnitude of which depends on the degree of vitamin D deficit.

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Vitamin D Status Determines the Impact of Metformin on Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

Pharmaceutical and Recreational Drug Usage Patterns during and Post COVID-19 Determined by Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

The Course of Minipuberty in Daughters of Women with Low Gestational Vitamin D Status

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