Vitamin supplementation reduces the level of homocysteine in the urine of autistic children

Kałużna–Czaplińska, Joanna; Michalska, Monika; Rynkowski, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.009

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Five studies did not specify the type of B12 used [ 32 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Two studies used oral cB12 [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rossignol¹,

Frye

2021

JPM

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 2% of children in the United States. Biochemical abnormalities associated with ASD include impaired methylation and sulphation capacities along with low glutathione (GSH) redox capacity. Potential treatments for these abnormalities include cobalamin (B12). This systematic review collates the studies using B12 as a treatment in ASD. A total of 17 studies were identified; 4 were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (2 examined B12 injections alone and 2 used B12 in an oral multivitamin); 1 was a prospective controlled study; 6 were prospective, uncontrolled studies, and 6 were retrospective (case series and reports). Most studies (83%) used oral or injected methylcobalamin (mB12), while the remaining studies did not specify the type of B12 used. Studies using subcutaneous mB12 injections (including 2 placebo-controlled studies) used a 64.5–75 µg/kg/dose. One study reported anemia in 2 ASD children with injected cyanocobalamin that resolved with switching to injected mB12. Two studies reported improvements in markers of mitochondrial metabolism. A meta-analysis of methylation metabolites demonstrated decreased S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and increased methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), SAM/SAH ratio, and homocysteine (with small effect sizes) with mB12. Meta-analysis of the transsulfuration and redox metabolism metabolites demonstrated significant improvements with mB12 in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine, total glutathione (GSH), and total GSH/GSSG redox ratio with medium to large effect sizes. Improvements in methylation capacity and GSH redox ratio were significantly associated with clinical improvements (with a mean moderate effect size of 0.59) in core and associated ASD symptoms, including expressive communication, personal and domestic daily living skills, and interpersonal, play-leisure, and coping social skills, suggesting these biomarkers may predict response to B12. Other clinical improvements observed with B12 included sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, hyperactivity, tantrums, nonverbal intellectual quotient, vision, eye contact, echolalia, stereotypy, anemia, and nocturnal enuresis. Adverse events identified by meta-analysis included hyperactivity (11.9%), irritability (3.4%), trouble sleeping (7.6%), aggression (1.8%), and worsening behaviors (7.7%) but were generally few, mild, not serious, and not significantly different compared to placebo. In one study, 78% of parents desired to continue mB12 injections after the study conclusion. Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that B12, particularly subcutaneously injected mB12, improves metabolic abnormalities in ASD along with clinical symptoms. Further large multicenter placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these data. B12 is a promising treatment for ASD.

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“…Five studies did not specify the type of B12 used [ 32 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Two studies used oral cB12 [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rossignol¹,

Frye

2021

JPM

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“… 51) According to the results of a study by Kałużna-Czaplińska et al . 53) found that high levels of urinary homocysteine were found in children ASD. Supplementation of diets on ASD children with vitamins B6, B12, and folate was more effective compare to supplementation of diets only with vitamin B6 and B12 to lower urinary homocysteine level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Levels of Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Homocysteine and Complex B Vitamin in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Altun

Kurutaş

Şahın

et al. 2018

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with an increasingly prevalent etiology, yet not fully understood. It has been thought that vitamin D, complex B vitamin levels and homocysteine are associated with environmental factors and are important in ASD. The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), homocysteine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate levels in ASD.MethodsIn this study, serum vitamin D and VDR, homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels were determined in 60 patients with ASD (aged 3 to 12 years) and in 45 age-gender matched healthy controls. In addition, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, which are associated with vitamin D metabolism, were measured from serum in both groups. ASD severity was evaluted by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).ResultsSerum vitamin D and VDR were substantially reduced in patients with ASD in comparision to control group. However, homocysteine level was significantly higher and vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate were also reduced in patients with ASD. Total CARS score showed a positive association with homocysteine and a negative correlation with vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR.ConclusionThis comprehensive study, which examines many parameters has shown that low serum levels of vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR as well as high homocysteine are important in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, further studies are required to define the precise mechanism(s) of these parameters and their contributions to the etiology and treatment of ASD.

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“…MTHFR mutations can impact one-carbon metabolism and alter levels of homocysteine (HC). Alternately, HC can also be altered by change in levels of folate or co-factors like vitamins B12 and B6 23 . Elevated levels of HC has been shown to adversely affect bone strength 24 , while increased plasma concentration of the metabolite are correlated with increased risk for fractures 25 , Furthermore higher levels of HC and its associated metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) have been reported to cause structural alterations in the bone characterized by increased trabecular separation as well as reduced trabecular thickness, number and area 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Metabolomic, Biophysical, Biochemical, Electron Microscopic and Histopathological Characterization

Narayanan

Khanchandani

Borkar

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Avascular necrosis of the femur head (AVNFH) is a debilitating disease caused due to the use of alcohol, steroids, following trauma or unclear (idiopathic) etiology, affecting mostly the middle aged population. Clinically AVNFH is associated with impaired blood supply to the femoral head resulting in bone necrosis and collapse. Although Homocysteine (HC) has been implicated in AVNFH, levels of homocysteine and its associated pathway metabolites have not been characterized. We demonstrate elevated levels of homocysteine and concomitantly reduced levels of vitamins B6 and B12, in plasma of AVNFH patients. AVNFH patients also had elevated blood levels of sodium and creatinine, and reduced levels of random glucose and haemoglobin. Biophysical and ultrastructural analysis of AVNFH bone revealed increased remodelling and reduced bone mineral density portrayed by increased carbonate to phosphate ratio and decreased Phosphate to amide ratio together with disrupted trabeculae, loss of osteocytes, presence of calcified marrow, and elevated expression of osteocalcin in the osteoblasts localized in necrotic regions. Taken together, our studies for the first time characterize the metabolomic, pathophysiological and morphometric changes associated with AVNFH providing insights for development of new markers and therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disorder.

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Vitamin supplementation reduces the level of homocysteine in the urine of autistic children

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Levels of Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Homocysteine and Complex B Vitamin in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Metabolomic, Biophysical, Biochemical, Electron Microscopic and Histopathological Characterization

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