Vitis sp., Vitaceae and viticulture in the Indus Civilization, South Asia ca. 3200–1500 bc: a critical review

Bates, J.L.

doi:10.1007/s00334-021-00842-1

Veget Hist Archaeobot

2021

DOI: 10.1007/s00334-021-00842-1

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Vitis sp., Vitaceae and viticulture in the Indus Civilization, South Asia ca. 3200–1500 bc: a critical review

J.L. Bates

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Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Presence/absence of key economic species from second millennium B.C. contexts at archaeological sites in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and northern Afghanistan Bates, 2022)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture in the Karakum: An archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.)

Billings

Cerasetti²,

Forni³

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Southern Central Asia witnessed widespread expansion in urbanism and exchange, between roughly 2200 and 1500 B.C., fostering a new cultural florescence, sometimes referred to as the Greater Khorasan Civilization. Decades of detailed archeological investigation have focused on the development of urban settlements, political systems, and inter-regional exchange within and across the broader region, but little is known about the agricultural systems that supported these cultural changes. In this paper, we present the archaeobotanical results of material recovered from Togolok 1, a proto-urban settlement along the Murghab River alluvial fan located in southeastern Turkmenistan. This macrobotanical assemblage dates to the late 3rd - early 2nd millennia B.C., a time associated with important cultural transformations in southern Central Asia. We demonstrate that people at the site were cultivating and consuming a diverse range of crops including, barley, wheat, legumes, grapes, and possibly plums and apples or pears. This, together with the associated material culture and zooarchaeological evidence, suggest a regionally adapted mixed agropastoral economy. The findings at Togolok 1 contribute to the ongoing discussion of dietary choices, human/landscape interactions, and the adaptation of crops to diverse ecosystems in prehistoric Central Asia.

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“…Presence/absence of key economic species from second millennium B.C. contexts at archaeological sites in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and northern Afghanistan Bates, 2022)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture in the Karakum: An archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.)

Billings

Cerasetti²,

Forni³

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Morphotype broadening of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from Oxus civilization 4000 BP, Central Asia

Chen

Zhou

Khasannov

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The region of Transoxiana underwent an early agricultural-demographic transition leading to the earliest proto-urban centers in Central Asia. The agronomic details of this cultural shift are still poorly studied, especially regarding the role that long-generation perennials, such as grapes, played in the cultivation system. In this paper, we present directly dated remains of grape pips from the early urban centers of Sapalli and Djarkutan, in south Uzbekistan. We also present linear morphometric data, which illustrate a considerable range of variation under cultivation that we divide into four distinct morphotypes according to pip shape. While some of the pips in these two assemblages morphologically fall within the range of wild forms, others more closely resemble modern domesticated populations. Most of the specimens measure along a gradient between the two poles, showing a mixed combination of domesticated and wild features. We also point out that the seeds recovered from the Djarkutan temple were, on average, larger and contained more affinity towards domesticated forms than those from domestic contexts. The potential preference of morphotypes seems to suggest that there were recognized different varieties that local cultivators might aware and possibly propagating asexually.

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Meta‐analysis of an integrated archaeobiological and environmental dataset: Revealing hidden trends in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age socio‐economies in southern Central Asia

Rouse,

Haruda,

Hunter

et al. 2024

Archaeometry

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We present the results of multivariate and exploratory statistical analyses of a large dataset that includes zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, chrono‐cultural and proxy environmental data. Data are drawn from published specialist reports from 39 archaeological sites and include 49 distinct chronological contexts dated from the Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (c.5300–1500 BCE) in southern Central Asia. Results support broad observations on the stability of agro‐pastoral subsistence, while indicating that the environment had a minor influence in comparison with the economic and cultural use of species, as revealed through subtle variations across sites and as packages of co‐occurring taxa that link sites within integrated socio‐economies.

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Vitis sp., Vitaceae and viticulture in the Indus Civilization, South Asia ca. 3200–1500 bc: a critical review

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Agriculture in the Karakum: An archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.)

Agriculture in the Karakum: An archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.)

Morphotype broadening of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from Oxus civilization 4000 BP, Central Asia

Meta‐analysis of an integrated archaeobiological and environmental dataset: Revealing hidden trends in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age socio‐economies in southern Central Asia

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