Vivianite as the main phosphate mineral in digested sewage sludge and its role for phosphate recovery

Wilfert, Philipp; Dugulan, A. Iulian; Goubitz, K.; Korving, Leon; Witkamp, Geert‐Jan; Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. van

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.020

Cited by 214 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Since the Fe/P molar ratio of vivianite is significantly higher than the ferric P complexes, ferric P reduction can be used to achieve greater P immobilization as a low solubility mineral. Recent work has confirmed this hypothesis showing that vivianite can be the dominate phase of P at WWTPs that employ iron for chemical P removal and anaerobic digestion (Wilfert et al, 2016(Wilfert et al, , 2018. Researchers have hypothesized that the magnetic properties of vivianite could enable separation from sludge, heightening its potential for P recovery from aqueous waste streams.…”

Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 94%

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

et al. 2019

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Redirecting anthropogenic waste phosphorus (P) flows from receiving water bodies to high P demand agricultural fields requires a resource management approach that integrates biogeochemistry, agronomy, engineering, and economics. In the US Midwest, agricultural reuse of P recovered from spatially colocated waste streams stands to reduce point‐source P discharges, meet agricultural P needs, and—depending on the speciation of recovered P—mitigate P losses from agriculture. However, the speciation of P recovered from waste streams via its chemical transformation—referred to here as recovered P (rP) differs markedly based on waste stream composition and recovery method, which can further interact with soil and crop characteristics of agricultural sinks. The solubility of rP presents key tensions between engineered P recovery and agronomic reuse because it defines both the ability to remove organic and inorganic P from aqueous streams and the crop availability of rP. The potential of rP generation and composition differs greatly among animal, municipal, and grain milling waste streams due to the aqueous speciation of P and presence of coprecipitants. Two example rP forms, phytin and struvite, engage in distinct biogeochemical processes on addition to soils that ultimately influence crop uptake and potential losses of rP. These processes also influence the fate of nitrogen (N) embodied in rP. The economics of rP generation and reuse will determine if and which rP are produced. Matching rP species to appropriate agricultural systems is critical to develop sustainable and financially viable regional exchanges of rP from wastewater treatment to agricultural end users. Core Ideas There is high potential for recovering P (rP) from point sources for agricultural reuse. rP speciation depends on recovery source and method, interacts with soils and crops. Engineering, agronomic, and economic considerations of rP are context‐specific.

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Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 94%

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

et al. 2019

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“…This tank was filled with nylon window screening to baffle and slow the flow rate, and further facilitate settling and recovery of the precipitated iron phosphate. According to Wilfert et al [26], vivianite is the dominant (70-90%) iron phosphate mineral released in chemically treated sewage sludge. In the current study, analysis with Visual MINTEQ predicted similar results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, analysis with Visual MINTEQ predicted similar results. Vivianite may be separated magnetically from sludge [26][27][28]. Approximately 60% of PO 4…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Removal from Nursery Runoff Water Using an Iron-Based Remediation System

Hinz

Albano

2019

Water

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Phosphorous (P) losses from containerized plant production nurseries can be significant due to the low nutrient retention capacities of the media components. As environmental regulators establish, refine, and enforce nutrient criteria, effective methods are needed to reduce amounts of P in runoff and drainage water. This study investigated the use of a small scale flow-through ferrous iron (Fe(II))-based remediation system for chemically precipitating P. This system consisted of four inter-connected tanks, with the first two maintained under anaerobic conditions and the last two maintained under aerobic conditions. FeSO4 was introduced into the first of the aerobic tanks at different rates to achieve Fe:P ratios of 0, 9.0, 16.3, and 21.2. Water samples were collected from the systems, and P removal was monitored by ion chromatography. Phosphorus removal efficiencies of 78, 95, and 99% were observed for each respective treatment, indicating great potential for this conceptual system at Fe:P dosing ratios ≥16.3 and phosphorus concentrations between 3 and 5 mg/L. This type of system may especially be useful for nurseries with space limitations.

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“…The potential amount of livestock and poultry manure consumed for biogas projects exceeds 1 billion tons [41] , and the rest of the manure should be composted or directly used as fertilizer. But according to the P flow analysis, less than 50 wt.% of the manure or the manure products were recycled to arable land [15,44] . In fact, the comprehensive utilization ratio of manure was less than 60% [45] .…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphate can be recovered from various kinds of feedstocks, such as sewage sludge from WWTPs, livestock manure, agri-food residues, etc. [15][16][17][18] . Regarding the various feedstocks and their different phosphate morphologies and distributions, an abundance of phosphate recovery methods have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

Xue¹,

He²,

Sachs³

et al. 2019

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element for organisms but the primary source of P-mineral phosphate resources-are non-renewable. Agricultural production has a high demand for fossil phosphate resources, but the resulting phosphate-rich residues are lack of management. This leads to rapid reserves depletion and severe phosphate pollution risks. One sustainable way is to reuse the phosphate dispersed in various residues such as sewage sludge and livestock manure. Diverse techniques have emerged to recover phosphate from wastes to close the phosphate cycle. While it is a global issue, the regional situations regarding potential phosphate scarcity and its management differ strongly. China is rich in phosphate resources, but over-exploitation has greatly increased the risk of phosphate rocks depletion, while in Germany the P resources depend on imports, but there is commitment to keep a balance between import and utilization. This had led to great differences in the way the two countries deal with the "re-use" of phosphate in waste. China is now in a transition phase from the simple terminal pollution control to "waste" reuse and nutrient resources recycling. One sign of this tendency is the mandatory garbage classification and preparation for further processing and recycling. This was first implemented in Shanghai in 2019, whereas Germany has been following the legal framework for waste management since the 19th century. There are a series of laws to control the nutrient loss from municipal and agricultural activities, as for instance with sewage sludge ordinance and fertilizer legislation. Many of these laws have been newly revised recently. Sewage sludge cannot be directly utilized on farmland as organic fertilizer any more. Alternatively, phosphate and other nutrients should be recovered from sewage sludge. Advanced phosphate recovery technologies and related nutrient recycling schemes are proceeding. This review summarizes the current situation of phosphate-containing residues management and phosphate reuse in China and Germany. The state legislation and policies, which would affect the phosphate recycling concept are presented as well. As there are various kinds of phosphate-containing residues, different phosphate recovery technologies can be applied. Those technologies are discussed from their mechanism and suitability.

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Vivianite as the main phosphate mineral in digested sewage sludge and its role for phosphate recovery

Cited by 214 publications

References 55 publications

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

Phosphate Removal from Nursery Runoff Water Using an Iron-Based Remediation System

The current phosphate recycling situation in China and Germany: a comparative review

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