VLC pair tree: a paradigm for MPEG-2 watermarking

Marcinak, Michael P.; Mobasseri, Bijan G.

doi:10.1117/12.641702

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Even if the whole code space is used, it is still possible to construct derivative code spaces with less than 100% occupancy. MPEG-2 is an example 6 . There are a number of code spaces at work here.…”

Section: Watermarking In Code Sapcementioning

confidence: 99%

Authentication of H.264 streams by direct watermarking of CAVLC blocks

Mobasseri

Raikar

2007

SPIE Proceedings

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In this work we report on the first H.264 authentication watermarker that operates directly in the bitstream, needing no video decoding or partial decompression. The main contribution of the work is identification of a watermarkable code space in H.264 protocol. The algorithm creates "exceptions" in H.264 code space that only the decoder understands while keeping the bitstream syntax compliant The code space is defined over the Context Adaptive Variable Length Coded(CAVLC) portion of protocol. What makes this algorithm possible is the discovery that most of H.264 code space is in fact unused. The watermarker securely maps eligible CAVLC to unused portions of the code space. Security is achieved through a shared key between embedder and decoder. The watermarked stream retains its file size, remains visually transparent, is secure against forging and detection. Since the watermark is placed post compression it remains fragile to re encoding and other tampering attempts.

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Section: Watermarking In Code Sapcementioning

confidence: 99%

Authentication of H.264 streams by direct watermarking of CAVLC blocks

Mobasseri

Raikar

2007

SPIE Proceedings

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Data hiding in MPEG-2 bitstream by creating exceptions in code space

Mobasseri

Marcinak

2012

SIViP

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The Analysis of VLC-Coded Efficiency Based on MPEG-I Layer III Audio

Tan

Wang

2008

2008 International Conference on Cyberworlds

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The multimedia bitstream is comprised of variable length codes (VLC) to a large extent. If data hiding is carried out in multimedia compressed domain, VLC are usually chosen as the hidden object. The VLCcoded efficiency is a key factor which can directly affect the method of data hiding. MPEG-I Layer III (MP3) audio is chosen as analytical object in this paper. The VLC-coded rule is obtained by analyzing the VLC-coded efficiency of the MP3 audios. The process of variable length coding in MP3 audio can be understood further passing through the VLC-coded rule. At the same time, it also provides a favorable theoretical base for seeking for effective data hiding methods in MP3 audio compressed domain.

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VLC pair tree: a paradigm for MPEG-2 watermarking

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Authentication of H.264 streams by direct watermarking of CAVLC blocks

Authentication of H.264 streams by direct watermarking of CAVLC blocks

Data hiding in MPEG-2 bitstream by creating exceptions in code space

The Analysis of VLC-Coded Efficiency Based on MPEG-I Layer III Audio

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