Voice and Articulation Drillbook. By Grant Fairbanks. Harper and Brothers, 1941. Cloth, 234 pp.

Fairbanks, Grant

doi:10.1288/00005537-194112000-00007

Cited by 494 publications

(491 citation statements)

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“…This constituted the spontaneous speech condition. Participants were 8 also asked to familiarize themselves with and subsequently read the first five sentences of the Rainbow Passage (Fairbanks, 1960;Polish translation, see Appendix). This constituted the read speech condition.…”

Section: Voice Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cortisol stress response predict increases in voice pitch during exam stress

Pisanski

Nowak

Sorokowski

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Despite a long history of empirical research, the potential vocal markers of stress remain unclear. Previous studies examining speech under stress most consistently report an increase in voice pitch (the acoustic correlate of fundamental frequency, F0), however numerous studies have failed to replicate this finding. In the present study we tested the prediction that these inconsistencies are tied to variation in the severity of the stress response, wherein voice changes may be observed predominantly among individuals who show a cortisol stress response (i.e., an increase in free cortisol levels) above a critical threshold. Voice recordings and saliva samples were collected from university psychology students at baseline and immediately prior to an oral examination. Voice recordings included both read and spontaneous speech, from which we measured mean, minimum, maximum, and the standard deviation in F0. We observed an increase in mean and minimum F0 under stress in both read and spontaneous speech, whereas maximum F0 and its standard deviation showed no systematic changes under stress. Our results confirmed that free cortisol levels increased by an average of 74% (ranging from 0-270%) under stress. Critically, increases in cortisol concentrations significantly predicted increases in mean F0 under stress for both speech types, but did not predict variation in F0 at baseline. On average, stress-induced increases in voice pitch occurred only when free cortisol levels more than doubled their baseline concentrations. Our results suggest that researchers examining speech under stress should control for individual differences in the magnitude of the stress response.Keywords: speech under stress; fundamental frequency; cortisol; psychological stress; exam stress 3 Highlights• The finding that voice pitch increases under stress is often not replicated• We tested whether this is tied to variation in the severity of the stress response• Voice recordings and saliva were collected at baseline and during exam stress• Increases in cortisol levels predicted voice pitch under stress but not at baseline• Researchers examining speech under stress should control for the stress response

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Section: Voice Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in cortisol stress response predict increases in voice pitch during exam stress

Pisanski

Nowak

Sorokowski

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…A Shure SM58 vocal cardioid microphone was used to record participants reading the first six sentences of the Rainbow Passage (Fairbanks 1960), a passage developed for vocal drills, in an anechoic, soundproof booth. The microphone was kept approximately 9.5 cm from the participants' mouths by a curved wire projection.…”

Section: Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Selection and Life History: Earlier Recalled Puberty Predicts Men’s Phenotypic Masculinization

Doll

Cárdenas

Burriss

et al. 2015

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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In some laboratory rodents, males' brains and behavior become less sensitive to the organizing effects of androgens across the time window surrounding puberty. Later puberty in human males has also been associated with less male-typical psychology and behavior, such as lower performance on mental rotation tasks and lower risk of substance abuse and delinquency. Here, we propose that life history (LH) theory provides a useful theoretical framework for understanding such relationships between pubertal timing and phenotypic masculinization. Because a faster male LH strategy emphasizes mating over parenting, earlier puberty may lead more generally to greater masculinization of traits that increase in sexual dimorphism at puberty and function in mating competition. In other words, we suggest that decreasing sensitivity to androgens represents a proximate mechanism that facilitates the development of mating-related adaptations in men with fast LH strategies. We tested this hypothesis in 153 men. Consistent with our hypothesis, earlier recalled pubertal timing predicted greater adult male body mass index, facial dominance, biceps circumference, and, to a lesser degree, systemizing and mental rotation ability. Some sexually dimorphic traits that were unrelated to pubertal timing in our data may have been less relevant to our male ancestors' mating success and hence to a fast LH strategy.

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“…In addition to the three word lists and the three sentence lists, each talker also read two meaningful passages: the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage (Fairbanks, 1940) and the entire Goldilocks Passage (Stockwell, 2002). The Rainbow Passage has been used in a variety of acoustic and perceptual studies of speech, including investigations of talker differences (e.g., Gelfer and Schofield, 2000) and the speech of clinical populations (e.g., Baker et al, 1997;Hillenbrand and Houde, 1996;McHenry, 1999;Sapienza et al, 1999).…”

Section: Stimulus Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nationwide Speech Project: A new corpus of American English dialects

Clopper

Pisoni

2006

Speech Communication

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Perceptual and acoustic research on dialect variation in the United States requires an appropriate corpus of spoken language materials. Existing speech corpora that include dialect variation are limited by poor recording quality, small numbers of talkers, and/or small samples of speech from each talker. The Nationwide Speech Project corpus was designed to contain a large amount of speech produced by male and female talkers representing the primary regional varieties of American English. Five male and five female talkers from each of six dialect regions in the United States were recorded reading words, sentences, passages, and in interviews with an experimenter, using high quality digital recording equipment in a sound-attenuated booth. The resulting corpus contains nearly an hour of speech from each of the 60 talkers that can be used in future research on the perception and production of dialect variation.

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Voice and Articulation Drillbook. By Grant Fairbanks. Harper and Brothers, 1941. Cloth, 234 pp.

Cited by 494 publications

References 0 publications

Individual differences in cortisol stress response predict increases in voice pitch during exam stress

Individual differences in cortisol stress response predict increases in voice pitch during exam stress

Sexual Selection and Life History: Earlier Recalled Puberty Predicts Men’s Phenotypic Masculinization

The Nationwide Speech Project: A new corpus of American English dialects

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