Volatile organic compounds in suburban Ankara atmosphere, Turkey: Sources and variability

Yurdakul, Sema; Civan, Mihriban; Tuncel, Gürdal

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.015

Cited by 72 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Atomic oxygen reacts with molecular oxygen to form tropospheric ozone (O 3 ), which in turn reacts with NO to form new NO 2 and O 2 , keeping the concentrations of reagents and products in equilibrium [3]. However, this cycle changes in the presence of VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Bretón

Ucan³

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, O 3 , NO x , CO, PM 2.5 and meteorological parameters were measured in urban air of two sites in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico during 2016-2017. Samples were collected using 1.5 h time intervals at three different sampling periods before being analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The highest concentrations of BTEX occurred during midday and afternoon in spring and summer seasons. Mean concentrations of, BTEX for the Cholul and SEDUMA sites, respectively, were 40.91 µg/m 3 and 32.86 µg/m 3 for benzene; 6.87 µg/m 3 and 3.29 µg/m 3 for toluene; 13.87 µg/m 3 and 8.29 µg/m 3 for p-xylene; and 6.23 µg/m 3 and 4.48 µg/m 3 for ethylbenzene. The toluene/benzene and xylene/ethylbenzene concentration ratios indicated that BTEX levels at both sites were influenced by local and fresh emissions (vehicular traffic). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to correlate BTEX concentrations with criteria air pollutants to infer their possible sources. Health risk assessment revealed that exposure to benzene exceeded the recommended value for the integrated lifetime cancer risk. These results suggest that Merida's population is exposed to cancer risk, and changes in the existing environmental policies should therefore be applied to improve air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Bretón

Ucan³

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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“…Therefore, low X/E ratios presents an air parcel which is aged and indicates an area less affected by fresh emissions. Atmospheric life spans of m,p-xylene and ethylbenzene are 3 and 8 hours, respectively and the X/E ratio will decrease as m,p-xylene will move away from the pollutant source as they react faster than ethylbenzene [36]. The X/E ratio is high in industrial areas and residential areas where traffic is intense; however, this ratio is found to be relatively low in rural areas.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Patternmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spatial Distribution of BTEX and Inorganic Pollutants During Summer Season in Yalova, Turkey

Tecer

Tağil

Ulukaya³

et al. 2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The objective of this research is to determine the atmospheric concentrations and spatial distribution of benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylenes (X) (BTEX) and inorganic air pollutants (O3, NO2 and SO2) in the Yalova atmosphere during summer 2015. In this study, a combination of passive sampling and Geographical Information System-based geo-statistics are used with spatial statistics of autocorrelation to characterise the spatial pattern of the quality of air based on concentrations of these pollutants in Yalova. The spatial temporal variations of pollutants in the air with five types of land-use, residence, rural, highway, side road and industrial areas were investigated at 40 stations in Yalova between 7 th August 2015 and 26 th August 2015 using passive sampling. An inverse distance weighting interpolation technique was used to estimate variables at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearby locations. The spatial autocorrelation of air pollutants in the city was investigated using the statistical methods of Moran's I in addition to the Getis Ord Gi. During the summer, highway and industrial sites had higher levels of BTEX then rural areas. The average concentration of toluene was measured to be 5.83 µg/m 3 and this is the highest pollutant concentration. Average concentrations of NO2, O3 and SO2 are 35.64, 84.23 and 3.95 µg/m 3 , respectively. According to the global results of Moran's I; NO2 and BTEX had positive correlations on a global space at a significant rate. Moreover, the autocorrelation analysis on the local space demonstrated significant hot spots on industrial sites and along the main roads.

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“…As indicated above, the main emission sources may be the traffic sources and solvent use and this will be discussed later. Because different compounds have different photochemical reactivity and emission sources, some of their ratios are frequently used to obtain primary information regarding their sources and transport (Yurdakul et al, 2013). Studies of vehicular exhaust suggest that the T/B ratio can be widely used to differentiate between vehicular emissions and other combustion sources (Elbir et al, 2007).…”

Section: Source Identification and Influence Of Long-range Transportamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies regarding aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons have focused on average mixing ratio analysis (Barletta et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2012) receptor modeling, emission sources (Yurdakul et al, 2013;Sindelarova et al, 2014) and reactivity or the ozone formation potential (Suthawaree et al, 2012) in urban areas, especially in developed regions, such as Beijing, Shanghai and the Pearl River Delta Region. Few studies regarding the concentration characteristics and distributions have been conducted in remote and high-altitude locations, such as high mountain sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halocarbons at a Mountaintop in Southern China

Yang

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, 45 ambient samples were collected in the summer of 2011 and spring of 2012 on Mount Lushan. The concentrations and seasonal distributions of aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons were measured and discussed. Moderate concentrations of individual species were found compared with other mountain sites; however, the measured concentrations were much lower than the values reported in cities. For aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and m/p-xylene were the most abundant species in the spring, while benzene and toluene exhibited the largest contributions in the summer. For halocarbons, the concentrations of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, dichlorodifluoromethane and chloromethane were higher than other gases measured in the spring; and dichlorodifluoromethane and chloromethane contributed largest in the summer. The OH loss rates demonstrated that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were the dominant aromatic hydrocarbons for OH loss rates in the spring, while styrene and toluene contributed the largest to reactivity in the summer. For the ozone formation potential (OFP), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and m/p-xylene accounted for the largest fraction of the OFPs in the spring (24.3% and 23.7%), while toluene was the most abundant source of OFP (i.e., 43.7%) in the summer. M/p-xylene exhibited large contributions to OFP in both spring and summer (23.7% and 19.2%) of the OFPs. The T/B (0.80 and 0.73 in spring and summer respectively) ratios indicated that the sampled air masses were primarily influenced by automotive emissions. The 36-h backward trajectories of the sampled air masses and the corresponding daily concentrations of individual species suggested that long-range transport had a large effect on the atmosphere at the sampling site.

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Volatile organic compounds in suburban Ankara atmosphere, Turkey: Sources and variability

Cited by 72 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Spatial Distribution of BTEX and Inorganic Pollutants During Summer Season in Yalova, Turkey

Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Halocarbons at a Mountaintop in Southern China

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