Volume phase holographic grating based digital holographic interferometer for temperature measurement of human hand skin

Abstract

skin temperature provides an important physiological information of human health which plays a vital role in several research and applied applications, particularly in surgery, pediatrics, and general emergency centers [1][2][3]. Human skin temperature is an indicator for disease diagnosis. During the global pandemic COVID-19 produced by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus [4] measurement of human body temperature has become a primary and critical parameter for identifying potential COVID-19 symptoms. Although in hospitals other patients, physicians, doctors, attendants, nurses, and visitors are the most common sources of cross-infections, the clinical thermometer should not be disregarded. Also, owing to the possibility of patient-topatient or cross-contamination, healthcare personnel are not advised to contact the patient for temperature measurement in order to avoid spreading the virus. Generally, contact-type temperature sensors such as mercury (Hg) in glass or electronic thermometer affixed directly to the underlying skin surface to acquire the temperature. However, the skin-sensor contact, sensor physical size, and sensor pressure limit the accuracy of *

Archives of Civil Engineering

“…The types of finite elements are given in table 5 [12]. They guarantee the calculations accuracy class as in other similar analyses [3,8,9,12,13,26,28,30]. Modelling of the steel plate bonding with the concrete part is an essential element of the numerical model.…”

Analysis of the Stress Field in Photoelasticity Used to Evaluate the Residual Stresses of a Plastic Injection-Molded Part

“…In principle, digital photoelasticity takes advantage of the fact that birefringent bodies can reveal stress information through color fringe patterns; therefore, it is necessary to demodulate the information in the images to quantify stress. In this field of study, new computational developments have favored the transition from conventional techniques based on manual quantification of color fringe patterns to computational technologies based on image processing by means of polarization states, quantification of light intensity [ 1 , 2 ], and determination of phase delay through unwrapping strategies [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Such analyses have been performed on bodies made of different types of birefringent materials; notwithstanding, translucent polymers have been more popular because their optical properties have been deeply studied.…”