Voluntary resettlement in land grab contexts: examining consent on the Ecuadorian oil frontier

Lyall, Angus

doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1235933

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Globally disseminated policy guidelines for governments undertaking resettlement for various purposes succumb to failings in governance due to these contradictions and mismatches with local governance norms. Despite transnational development ideology insisting adequate funding and consultation with local people will enable fair and appropriate compensation, resettlement still leads to impoverishment in most cases (Lyall, 2017). Literature from scholars that design social safeguards to be included in policy prescriptions tend to focus on the inability of various stakeholders to implement methodologies (Owen and Kemp, 2016).…”

Section: Resettlement Compensation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…China, in particular, has a history of resettlement for purposes such as infrastructure construction, to clear communities from reservoir and conservation areas and for poverty alleviation (Heggelund, 2004; Merkle, 2003; Yeh, 2005). The outcomes for affected people have most often been impoverishment, despite various strategies and policies aimed at improving the target population’s wellbeing (Lyall, 2017). As a result, the governance of such projects has been the subject of intense scrutiny by resettlement scholars and development agencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Governance of resettlement compensation and the cultural fix in rural China

Gomersall

2020

Environ Plan A

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Financial management of resettlement funding has always been problematic for governments and development agencies trying to mitigate the negative effects of moving people from one location to another. In China, Poverty Alleviation Resettlement attempts to rectify the shortcomings in policies designed for distributing compensation and ensuring funds reach their intended use with apparatuses of security. Governance technologies take the form of reimbursement subsidies, which mitigate the risk that funds will be corrupted or households misuse money, by reimbursing expenditures already made on village construction. These technologies convey the contradictory nature of Chinese rural development, as they employ neoliberal discourse to direct fiscal transfers from the central government to enterprising individuals, but also attempt poverty alleviation of rural societies’ most marginalized households. Resettlement technologies are therefore leading to uneven development while simultaneously claiming to adhere to transnational poverty alleviation norms. In this article, the Party-state applies a cultural fix to resolve contradictions in the development apparatus. The Party-state draws on historical governance norms to change the meaning of the corrupt official that receives disproportionate government assistance into the “ideal” all villages should emulate. In this way, the Chinese bureaucracy appropriates the power of local elites to guide conduct and achieve broader political economic goals.

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Section: Resettlement Compensation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance of resettlement compensation and the cultural fix in rural China

Gomersall

2020

Environ Plan A

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“…The idea of moving people to development instead of investing in small, dispersed villages is not a uniquely Chinese one (Mayda, 2004; Baird & Shoemaker, 2007; Lyall, 2017). Indeed, one of the key ways in which societies make sense of poverty is through the notion of “poverty traps” (Katz, 2015): that the geographical features of some places render them unable to ensure secure livelihoods.…”

Section: Introduction: Resettlement As Poverty Alleviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s rapidly evolving practice of poverty resettlement: Moving millions to eliminate poverty

Rogers

et al. 2020

Development Policy Review

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Motivation Unlike other places where resettlement is largely a by‐product of large infrastructure projects, in China resettlement is used as a tool for poverty alleviation. With the introduction of Xi Jinping’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation, and the goal to end absolute poverty by 2020, resettlement has become central to China’s poverty‐alleviation practice. Rather than investing in dispersed, remote villages, the Chinese government prefers to bring people to development by constructing high‐density resettlement sites in small towns and peri‐urban areas: up to 16 million people are being resettled between 2016 and 2020. Despite the scale of these interventions, the English‐language literature on poverty resettlement is limited and has yet to detail rapidly evolving policies or how these are playing out on the ground. Purpose In this article we examine how poverty resettlement projects are working under Targeted Poverty Alleviation, with a focus on the implementation and impacts of, as well as overlapping motives for, projects in Shaanxi and Gansu. Approach and Methods Our analysis draws on semi‐structured interviews and secondary data collected in multiple sites in two provinces. Findings Our findings show that China’s intense focus on resettlement as a tool for poverty alleviation has resulted in reduced financial burdens on those resettled, but is also engendering new conflicts at the local level. Policy implications Our analysis highlights the contested nature of state‐driven resettlement for poverty alleviation and raises questions about the relevance of this practice for other developing countries.

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“…What constitutes coercion is not always clear, however, and dissatisfaction has grown in recent years over the conventional categorization of migration and resettlement as either voluntary or forced. Even when resettlement is voluntary, Lyall (2017) cautions that observers must not lose sight of the potentially coercive practices of the state, nor should they ignore the legacies of oppression and disenfranchisement that may have led to certain kinds of decision making. Along similar lines, Schmidt-Soltau and Brockington's (2007: 2184) investigation of development-induced resettlement in Cameroon revealed how prevalent coercive pressures are, even in cases where people formally consented to, and were compensated for, relocation.…”

Section: Resettlement Programs and Contentious Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contentious Politics of Resettlement Programs: Evidence from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Côté

Pottie‐Sherman

2019

Can J Pol Sci

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Labelling resettlement programs as voluntary suggests that they cause little contention and are devoid of coercion. But is this representation accurate? Drawing on unpublished government documents and media reports, we provide a detailed case study of the Community Relocation Policy (CRP) of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) from 2009 to the present. We show that CRP has been fraught with contention due to the nature of the voting process and the slow and uncertain nature of the community-oriented consultative process. This article highlights the ways in which coercion has emerged from within the very communities considering resettlement, in addition to any coercion that might come from government officials.

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Voluntary resettlement in land grab contexts: examining consent on the Ecuadorian oil frontier

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Governance of resettlement compensation and the cultural fix in rural China

Governance of resettlement compensation and the cultural fix in rural China

China’s rapidly evolving practice of poverty resettlement: Moving millions to eliminate poverty

The Contentious Politics of Resettlement Programs: Evidence from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

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