Vortex Erosion and Amalgamation in a New Model of Large Scale Flow on the Sphere

Stuhne, G. R.; Peltier, W. R.

doi:10.1006/jcph.1996.0196

Cited by 51 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Different from the conventional latitude-longitude grid models, it has a quasi-homogenous grid distribution produced from an icosahedron obtained by a recursive division method (Stuhne and Peltier, 1996). This avoids the pole problem inherent in latitude-longitude grids and facilitates global high-resolution simulations.…”

Section: Nicammentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model (NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0) – Part 1: Offline forward and adjoint transport models

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method is a popular algorithm for inverting atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements. In order to meet the computationally intense 4D-Var iterative calculation, offline forward and adjoint transport models are developed based on the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). By introducing flexibility into the temporal resolution of the input meteorological data, the forward model developed in this study is not only computationally efficient, it is also found to nearly match the transport performance of the online model. In a transport simulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the data-thinning error (error resulting from reduction in the time resolution of the meteorological data used to drive the offline transport model) is minimized by employing high temporal resolution data of the vertical diffusion coefficient; with a low 6-hourly temporal resolution, significant concentration biases near the surface are introduced. The new adjoint model can be run in discrete or continuous adjoint mode for the advection process. The discrete adjoint is characterized by perfect adjoint relationship with the forward model that switches off the flux limiter, while the continuous adjoint is characterized by an imperfect but reasonable adjoint relationship with its corresponding forward model. In the latter case, both the forward and adjoint models use the flux limiter to ensure the monotonicity of tracer concentrations and sensitivities. Trajectory analysis for high CO 2 concentration events are performed to test adjoint sensitivities. We also demonstrate the potential usefulness of our adjoint model for diagnosing tracer transport. Both the offline forward and adjoint models have computational efficiency about 10 times higher than the online model. A description of our new 4D-Var system that includes an optimization method, along with its application in an atmospheric CO 2 inversion and the effects of using either the discrete or continuous adjoint method, is presented in an accompanying paper (Niwa et al., 2016).

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Section: Nicammentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model (NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0) – Part 1: Offline forward and adjoint transport models

et al. 2017

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“…The first applications of the icosahedral grid to a geophysical problem were published by Williamson (1968) and Sadourny et al (1968). Since these were published, many researchers have attempted to develop models using the icosahedral grid (Baumgardner and Frederickson 1985;Cullen and Hall 1979;Masuda and Ohnishi 1986;Stuhne and Peltier 1996). Successful examples include the Colorado State University (CSU) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) (Heikes and Randall 1995a, b;Ringler et al 2000) and the GME prediction model of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service) (Majewski et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stretched Icosahedral Grid by a New Grid Transformation

Tomita

2008

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study developed a general grid transformation method for a horizontal grid system on a sphere. The method incorporates the currently used Schmidt transformation method, as well as a new technique that includes intuitive interpretation of the Schmidt transformation. To apply the method, we developed an estimation function that considers both isotropy and homogeneity, and the transformation function uses a governing differential equation to ensure that the function takes the minimum value. Since the proposed transformation method avoids the too-fine grid at the center of the target region, which arises due to the Schmidt transformation method, the new method is superior in terms of computational efficiency.We applied the new transformation to an icosahedral grid. To investigate the stretching effect by this method, we conducted an advection test case using the standard experiment for the shallow water model (Williamson et al. 1992). The error growth rate was minimized over the target region where the fine grid area was distributed. The transition zone between the target region and the coarser grid region exhibited smooth advection, so no spurious error occurred.

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“…The emissions of SO 2 from volcanoes in Japan, such as Miyakejima and Sakura-jima, were obtained from statistical reports (http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/ STOCK/monthly_v-act_doc/monthly_vact_2007.htm) by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). In this study, the distributions of three-hourly averaged monthly oxidants (OH, ozone and hydrogen peroxide) were derived from a global chemical transport model (CHASER) coupled to the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), named MIROC-CHASER, with a spatial resolution of 2.8 • by 2.8 • (Sudo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Design Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, global aerosol-transport models with coarse resolutions frequently adopt a spectral transform method with a hydrostatic approximation to effectively calculate atmospheric dynamics. This spectral transform method is less effective than the grid-point method (Stuhne and Peltier, 1996;Taylor et al, 1997;Randall et al, 2000) for high horizontal resolutions . Models that employ the grid-point method flexibly define grid points to enable an adaptive focus on study regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Application of a global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system to regional aerosol simulations around Japan

et al. 2015

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Abstract. An aerosol-coupled global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system has been developed. Circulations over the global and target domains are simulated with a single model, which includes fine meshes covering the target region to calculate meso-scale circulations. The stretched global model involves lower computational costs to simulate atmospheric aerosols with fine horizontal resolutions compared with a global uniform nonhydrostatic model, whereas it may require higher computational costs compared with the general regional models, because the stretched-grid system calculates inside and outside the target domain. As opposed to general regional models, the stretched-grid system requires neither a nesting technique nor lateral boundary conditions. In this study, we developed a new-type regional model for the simulation of aerosols over Japan, especially in the Kanto areas surrounding Tokyo, with a maximum horizontal resolution of approximately 10 km. This model usually reproduces temporal variations and their averages of the observed weather around Japan. This model generally reproduces monthly mean distributions of the observed sulfate and SO 2 over East Asia, with high correlations (R > 0.6), but the underestimation of the simulated concentrations by 40 % (sulfate) and 50 % (SO 2 ). Their underestimation of the simulated sulfate and SO 2 concentrations over East Asia are strongly affected by their underestimation in China and possibly by the uncertainty of the simulated precipitation around Japan. In the Kanto area, this model succeeds in simulating the wind patterns and the diurnal transitions around the center of the Kanto area, although it is inadequate to simulate the wind patterns and the diurnal transitions at some sites located at the edge of the Kanto area and surrounded on three sides by mountains, e.g., Maebashi, mainly due to the insufficient horizontal resolution. This model also generally reproduces both diurnal and synoptic variations of the observed and/or a regional aerosol-transport model, WRF-CMAQ, simulated EC, sulfate, and SO 2 concentrations in the Kanto area, especially with their high correlation (R > 0.5) at Komae/Tokyo. Although the aerosol module used in this study is relatively simplified compared to the general regional aerosol models, this study reveals that our proposed model with the stretchedgrid system can be applicable for the regional aerosol simulation.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. D. Goto et al.: Application of a global nonhydrostatic model to regional aerosol simulations around Japan

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Vortex Erosion and Amalgamation in a New Model of Large Scale Flow on the Sphere

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model (NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0) – Part 1: Offline forward and adjoint transport models

A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model (NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0) – Part 1: Offline forward and adjoint transport models

A Stretched Icosahedral Grid by a New Grid Transformation

Application of a global nonhydrostatic model with a stretched-grid system to regional aerosol simulations around Japan

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