The vesicle-mediated membrane transport is a multi-step process, consisting of vesicle formation (budding), targeting, tethering and membrane fusion (Bonifacino and Glick, 2004;Jahn and Scheller, 2006). Cargo proteins are concentrated at a specialized region on the donor membrane and packed into a nascent vesicle generated by the assembly of coat proteins such as clathrin into a cage-like lattice around the budding vesicle. Adaptor protein complexes (AP) are required to recruit cargo into coated vesicles thus playing an essential role in cargo selectivity of the transport vesicle in traffic between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes (Owen et al., 2004). Gga proteins are monomeric clathrin adaptor proteins mediating TGN to the endosome transport (Nakayama and Wakatsuki, 2003). Apart from the AP complexes and the monomeric GGA adaptors, the list is expanding to new sets of adaptors, which are specific to only a particular type of cargo or to one family of cargo (Bonifacino and Rojas, 2006).Recently, the epsin family proteins came into view as cargospecific adaptors. The ENTH (epsin N-terminal homology) domains are phosphotidylinositol binding modules present in both mammalian epsins and in their yeast homologues Ent1p to Ent4p (Duncan and Payne, 2003;Legendre-Guillemin et al., 2004). ANTH (AP180 N-terminal homology) domains are highly related to ENTH domains (Ford et al., 2001) and present in mammalian AP180 (also known as SNAP91), CALM, HIP1, Hip1R and yeast AP180, Sla2p and Ent5p. These domains bind to different phosphoinositides. In addition to ANTH or ENTH domains, these proteins also contain binding motifs for clathrin, AP or GGA allowing them to participate in clathrin-mediated budding at the TGN, endosome or at the plasma membrane. Phylogenetic analysis of ENTH domains suggested two ENTH domain branches, mammalian epsins 1-3 and yeast Ent1p and Ent2p, which are involved in endocytosis at the plasma membrane, and enthoprotin (also known as Clint and epsinR) and yeast Ent3p functioning in transport between the TGN and endosomes (Legendre-Guillemin et al., 2004). EpsinR is localized to the TGN and in endosomal membranes (Kalthoff et al., 2002;Wasiak et al., 2002) and binds to PtdIns4P (Hirst et al., 2003;Mills et al., 2003). It also binds to clathrin, AP1 and GGA2 through its C-terminal domain Mills et al., 2003;Wasiak et al., 2002). Ent3p and Ent5p are partially redundant, bind Gga proteins and AP1 and promote formation of clathrin coats at the TGN-endosome (Costaguta et al., 2006;. ENTH domains of Ent3p and Ent5p bind PtdIns(3,5)P 2 (Eugster et al., 2004;Friant et al., 2003) and PtdIns(4,5)P 2 (Narayan and Lemmon, 2006). Ent5p associates with Vps27p and together with Ent3p is required for ubiquitin-dependent protein sorting into the interior of multivesicular bodies (MVB) (Eugster et al., 2004;Friant et al., 2003). This indicates that Ent3p and Ent5p have two different functions at the TGN-endosome and in MVB.Previously, we reported that the ENTH domains of Ent3p and epsinR specifically interact wi...