Vulcanization degree influence on the mechanical properties of Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators made with reactivated EPDM

Habieb, Ahmad Basshofi; Milani, Federico; Pianese, Giovanna; Torrini, D.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107496

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…On the other hand, suboptimal vulcanization would have led to a non-uniform mechanical properties distribution. 15 As expected, hardness varies from inner to outer points for the first vulcanization (3600 s), increasing from 51 ShA in the core to 60 ShA near the skin (Figure 13C,D). Curing the device for 3600 s is therefore not suitable.…”

Section: Unbonded Fiber-reinforced Elastomeric Isolatorssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…It is quite common to deal with large stocks of isolators where rubber pads have been treated at a largely suboptimal temperature. 15 The vulcanization process differs between SREIs and FREIs. In SREIs, heat is evenly distributed by the steel layers, whereas in FREIs, heat-resistant fibers impede the process and do not distribute heat uniformly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under vulcanization is a typical production error that suppliers make because of the impossibility of reaching higher temperatures in standard rubber forming press used in large‐scale productions, even more when the product dimensions are big. It is quite common to deal with large stocks of isolators where rubber pads have been treated at a largely suboptimal temperature 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of the optimal vulcanization of a fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolator made of natural rubber‐ethylene propylene diene monomer blend

Pianese

Milani²

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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To seismically isolate a structure, it is possible to interpose a rubber device between the foundation and superstructure that increases the period of the superstructure, a feature that allows the structure to be “transparent” to the seismic excitation. A package of several rubber pads typically constitutes a seismic isolator; they are 10–20 mm thick vertically interspersed with either steel laminas or fiber‐reinforced polymer dry textiles suitably treated. So, the rubber has a primary role and must be vulcanized correctly to create the polymer cross‐linking properly. All rubber mechanical properties are strongly affected by curing temperature and curing time. Under vulcanization is a typical production error that suppliers make in large‐scale productions, especially when the size of the devices is considerable. It is common to deal with elastomeric isolators where rubber pads have been treated at a largely suboptimal temperature. This article proposes a numerical model for predicting the cross‐linking degree of rubber pads used in seismic isolation and made by a natural rubber‐ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber compound. The aim is to correctly define the optimal curing temperature and exposition time for producing a rubber quadruple shear test specimen and a fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI). The model is a kinetic one and takes into consideration the induction time. An experimental investigation has been conducted to validate the model with visible inspections and hardness measurements taken on the rubber pads (quadruple shear specimens) and the rubber devices. The results have shown the reliability of the new numerical model proposed, with a homogeneous mechanical properties distribution obtained within the rubber pads and the FREI.

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Section: Unbonded Fiber-reinforced Elastomeric Isolatorssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of the optimal vulcanization of a fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolator made of natural rubber‐ethylene propylene diene monomer blend

Pianese

Milani²

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Micro IPN composite of SBR and PMMA reinforced by CB can be employed as a vibration damper in the wide service range of À10-90 C and can perform as a shock absorbing character at these temperatures, which differ by 100 C. IPN composite with co-continuous morphology and optimum storage modulus with high toughness and stiffness can perform as a potential candidate for vibrational damper in the wide service range with excellent thermal stability. [38][39][40]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super tough interpenetrating polymeric network of styrene butadiene rubber‐poly(methyl methacrylate) incorporated with general purpose carbon black (N660)

James

Thomas²,

Sisanth

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A classic set of polymeric interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microcomposites has been fabricated using an elastomer-styrene butadiene rubber [SBR], a thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate)-PMMA and with carbon black (CB)-N660 as a filler and reinforcing agent. This synthesized IPN composite can be promisingly employed as a toughened plastic and vibrational damper in a wide service range with excellent thermal stability, optimum storage modulus, and co-continuous morphological pattern. transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman imaging are successfully employed for the morphological characterization. Mechanical, thermal, viscoelastic, and damping features of IPN composites have been carefully studied in detail and compared with parent polymers, corresponding IPN, and composites. The double network formation of filler CB and plastic component PMMA form an intercalated morphological pattern in the SBR matrix with 20 times enhancement in toughness value compared with neat SBR. The fabrication and characterization adopted in this work can definitely act as a platform for the design of new toughened material with excellent performance and cost-effectiveness.

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“…Reversion and induction are important issues to be considered in the preparation of many polymer composites (especially rubber materials). 21,26 Milani et al 27 researched the reversion phenomenon and proposed a novel kinetic model of natural rubber sulfur vulcanization. This model allows prediction vulcanization and reversion of sulfur cured NR.…”

Section: Simplified Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

Yang

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The cure cycle plays a crucial role in manufacturing polymer‐matrix composite component. Unreasonable design of cure cycle can easily lead to thermal gradients during curing process, which will generate residual stress and seriously affect the quality of component. Meanwhile, the cure cycle of the three‐dimensional composite component is difficult to optimized, due to the complicated distribution of temperature and curing degree. In this paper, numerical simulation is applied to research the curing process of the polymer‐matrix composite. The change rules of temperature and curing degree are explored. An optimum design method for the cure cycle of three‐dimensional composite component is proposed. Meanwhile, numerical simulation is applied in this method to design the cure cycle by referring to the change rules of temperature and curing degree of the component, in which the internal and external thermal gradients can be balanced during the curing process. The results show that the optimized cure cycle can significantly reduce the thermal gradients for three‐dimensional composite component, which provide guidance for cure cycle design in the manufacturing of polymer‐matrix composite.

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Vulcanization degree influence on the mechanical properties of Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators made with reactivated EPDM

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Prediction of the optimal vulcanization of a fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolator made of natural rubber‐ethylene propylene diene monomer blend

Prediction of the optimal vulcanization of a fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolator made of natural rubber‐ethylene propylene diene monomer blend

Super tough interpenetrating polymeric network of styrene butadiene rubber‐poly(methyl methacrylate) incorporated with general purpose carbon black (N660)

Simulation and optimized design of cure cycle for three‐dimensional polymer‐matrix composite component

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