Vulnerability mapping and protection zoning of karst springs. Validation by multitracer tests

Marín, Ana Isabel; Andreo, Bartolomé; Mudarra, Matías

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.029

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The annual average rainfall at Wellington is ∼ 620 mm, and the annual PET is ∼ 1800 mm. The annual temperature ranges from around 0 to 45 • C with a maximum mean annual temperature of 24.3 • C. The climate is classified as temperate semi-arid (Markowska et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Dry Semi-arid Site (Au)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin

Rinderer

Andreo

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Karst systems are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity, and their complex recharge processes are difficult to characterize. Experimental methods to study karst systems mostly focus on analysing the entire aquifer. Despite their important role in recharge processes, the soil and epikarst receive limited attention, and the few available studies were performed at sites of similar latitudes. In this paper, we describe a new monitoring network that allows for the improvement of the understanding of soil and epikarst processes by including different karst systems with different land-cover types in different climate regions. Here, we present preliminary data form the network and elaborate on their potential to answer research questions about the role of soil and epikarst on karstic water flow and storage. The network measures soil moisture at multiple points and depths to understand the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. We installed soil moisture probes at five different climate regions: Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean), the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m×20 m plots with different land-use types (forest and grassland). At each plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were randomly selected and probes at different depths from the topsoil to the epikarst (in total over 400 soil moisture probes) were installed. Covering the spatio-temporal variability of flow processes through a large number of profiles, our monitoring network will allow researchers to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate regions and land-use types, and this will provide the base for quantitative assessment with physically based modelling approaches in the future.

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Section: The Dry Semi-arid Site (Au)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin

Rinderer

Andreo

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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“…Villanueva del Rosario system (14 km 2 of catchment area) is a part of the Sierra Camarolos and Sierra del Jobo aquifer, located 20 30 km north of the city of Malaga in Spain, with altitudes from 600 to 1640 m (Marín et al 2015). The mean historic annual precipitation is below 600 mm in the lower altitudes of the system, and more than 900 mm in the higher altitudes (Mudarra 2012).…”

Section: The Mediterranean Site (Es)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate is Temperate Mediterranean. The vegetation is Mediterranean scrubland with Mediterranean forest patches and pines from reforestation (Marín et al 2015). The geological formation of Villanueva del Rosario system is carbonate rocks from the Jurassic period, 25 with a maximum thickness of 400 to 450 m (Peyre 1974).…”

Section: The Mediterranean Site (Es)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin¹,

Rinderer²,

Andreo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Karst systems that are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity are posing a challenge to study their complex recharge processes. Experimental methods to study karst processes mostly focus on characterizing the entire aquifer. Despite their important role for recharge processes, the limited focus has been given on studies of the soil and epikarst and most available research has been performed at sites of similar latitudes. In our study, we describe a new monitoring concept that allows the improvement of soil and epikarst processes understanding by covering different karst systems with different land cover at different climate regions. First, we describe the site selection and the experimental setup. Then we describe the five individual sites and their soil profiles. We also present some preliminary data and highlight the potential of the data for future research aimed at answering the relevant research questions: (1) How do the soil and epikarst heterogeneities influence water flow and storage processes in the karst vadose zone? (2) What is the impact of the land cover type on karstic groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration? (3) What is the impact of climate on karstic groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration? In order to answer these questions, we monitor soil moisture, which controls the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, soil water storage, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. We installed a soil moisture-monitoring network at five different climate regions: in Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean), the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m × 20 m plots to install soil moisture probes under different land use types (forest and grassland). At each plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were installed with probes at different depths from the top soil to the epikarst (over 400 soil moisture probes were installed). Our first results show that the monitoring network provides new insights into the soil moisture dynamics of the five study sites and that significant differences prevail among forest and grassland sites. Some profiles are characterized by sequential reactions of soil moisture, i.e., the uppermost probe reacts first and the lowest probe reacts last, while at other profiles, we find non-sequential reactions that we interpret to result from preferential flow processes. While the former favours storage in the soil providing water for evapotranspiration, the latter can be seen as an indicator for the initiation of fast and preferential recharge into the karst system. Covering the spatiotemporal variability of these processes through a large number of installed probes, our monitoring network will allow to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate regions and land use types, and provide the base for quantitative assessment with physically-based modelling approaches in the future.

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“…16 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) on groundwater [22]. Vulnerability mapping with travel-time methods is already used in many European countries as the approach for delimiting the safeguard zones [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Map for Karst Aquifer Protection (Ziria Karst System, Southern Greece)

Nanou

Zagana

2018

Geosciences

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Abstract:In recent years vulnerability maps have been used as a tool to highlight the areas with the greatest potential for groundwater pollution based on the hydrogeological conditions and their respective human impacts. Several regions of Greece depend completely or partially on drinking water from karst aquifers; thus, the production of vulnerability maps for such karstic areas is considered essential. In the present study, an assessment of aquifer intrinsic vulnerability has been conducted applying the COP method in the Ziria karst system. The latter is located at the Northeast part of Peloponnese in South Greece and is used as a public resource for drinking water. This method, which has been developed for carbonate (karst) aquifers, uses the properties of the overlying layers above the water table (O factor), the concentration of flow (C factor) and the precipitation regime (P factor) over the aquifer. The COP method considers karstic landforms as factors that decrease the natural protection provided by the overlying layers of a karst aquifer. With the use of GIS tools, vulnerability maps were produced highlighting the different degrees of intrinsic vulnerability in the karst system of Ziria.

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Vulnerability mapping and protection zoning of karst springs. Validation by multitracer tests

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Map for Karst Aquifer Protection (Ziria Karst System, Southern Greece)

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