Vulnerability of Synchrophasor-based WAMPAC Applications’ to Time Synchronization Spoofing

Almas, Muhammad Shoaib; Vanfretti, Luigi; Singh, Ravi Shankar; Jónsdóttir, Guðrún Margrét

doi:10.1109/pesgm.2018.8586667

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For passive cyber-attack prevention, constructing WAMS and its protection facilities strategically is widely adopted [28]. Much research has been conducted in this direction, see [29,30] for instance. References [31] and [32] provide thorough surveys on this topic.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified framework for wide area measurement system planning

Lam

Hill

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Wide area measurement system (WAMS) is one of the essential components in the future power system. To make WAMS construction plans, practical models of the power network observability, reliability, and underlying communication infrastructures need to be considered. To address this challenging problem, in this paper we propose a unified framework for WAMS planning to cover most realistic concerns in the construction process. The framework jointly optimizes the system construction cost, measurement reliability, and volume of synchrophasor data traffic resulting in a multi-objective optimization problem, which provides multiple Pareto optimal solutions to suit different requirements by the utilities. The framework is verified on two IEEE test systems. The simulation results demonstrate the trade-off relationships among the proposed objectives. Moreover, the proposed framework can develop optimal WAMS plans for full observability with minimal cost. This work develops a comprehensive framework for most practical WAMS construction designs.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified framework for wide area measurement system planning

Lam

Hill

et al. 2018

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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“…In particular, handling system transience, such as weather events, requires fast dynamic response to maintain voltage and frequency stability in the grid. Better time agreement leads to better situational understanding and improved control for anti-islanding and wide area power oscillation damping (WAPOD) applications [17].…”

Section: Substation Local Area Network Communication Protocols Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developments of experimental test benches have begun in this area to help assess the WAMPAC applications, namely wide area passive anti-islanding protection and WAPOD, tolerances to compromised time signals [17]. Impacts of compromised time signals include corrupted wide area grid monitoring, false protection activation, and degradation of wide area protection performance.…”

Section: What Is the Impact Of Timing Uncertainty On Next-generation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impacts of compromised time signals include corrupted wide area grid monitoring, false protection activation, and degradation of wide area protection performance. In WAPOD applications, compromised time signals have been shown to increase in overshoot/undershoot, rise in the decay ratio, longer settling times, and eventually system instability [17].…”

Section: What Is the Impact Of Timing Uncertainty On Next-generation mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing Challenges in the Smart Grid

Allnutt¹,

Anand²,

Arnold³

et al. 2017

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Executive SummaryCorrect time and timing is one of the foundational elements in enabling the communication and orchestration of technologies for accurate and optimal wide area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) in the power industry. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Electrical and Electronic Engineer -Standard Association (IEEE-SA) conducted a workshop to gather inputs from stakeholders to identify, analyze, and provide guidance on technologies, standards and methodologies for addressing the practical timing challenges that are currently being experienced in wide area time synchronization.One of the key drivers for the workshop is the need to prioritize NIST efforts in addressing precision timing needs in power systems. NIST has established a Smart Grid Testbed, which includes the Precision Timing module to support the IEEE 1588 Power Profile efforts and to serve as a basis for timing measurement and security research. The objective of the workshop was to identify the timing challenges, the community of experts, and potential collaborators as well as key research priorities to guide future efforts to ensuring that the integrity, availability, accuracy, and precision of timing requirements are met in power systems.Precision timing synchronization with requirements ranging from one microsecond to hundreds of nanoseconds within and across substations is currently being characterized and monitored by utilities in order to advance capabilities in real-time measurement and control and to reap the economic and environmental benefits of more intelligent and efficient use of generation and storage resources while meeting customer demands. The proliferation of widely deployed smart sensors for WAMPAC, distribution and energy management systems, along with the increasing need for fault detection and location as well as maintaining system stability in real time using spatio-temporal and temporalfrequency analyses, all require precision timing. These new capabilities offer increased flexibility to grid operators, but they also raise new security concerns.Among the concerns expressed include timing discontinuities such as leap seconds, Daylight Savings Time, and GPS Week Number Rollovers. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of jamming and the potential for spoofing is leading security, time and network experts in power systems or other domains to explore alternative propagation methods of traceable time. These include eLOng-RAnge Navigation (eLORAN), Iridium, IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), radio (WWVB is the NIST operated time signal radio station near Fort Collins, Colorado.), atomic clocks, and other terrestrial and satellite-based timing propagation solutions.Given the current stage of exploration and characterization for real time control, utilities and system integrators identified the top industry challenge to be integrity assurance, with the first steps being device conformance and interoperability testing, performance mo...

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“…The impact of time deviation on synchrophasor-based wide area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) was studied in [6]. The vulnerability of a WAMPAC system due to malicious time synchronisation spoofing attacks was analysed in [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IEEE 1588 time synchronisation performance for IEC 61850 transmission substations

Han

Guo

Crossley

2019

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Accurate timestamping with 1 µs precision is required by power system monitoring and control equipment, including: Phase Measurement Units (PMU) for real-time measurement and control; travelling wave detectors for fault location, protection and control; and sample value measurement techniques associated with the IEC 61850 process bus. The conventional way of achieving this is to transmit 1-PPS or IRIG-B timing signals using dedicated cables but such an approach is expensive and difficult to update as secondary control systems evolve. IEEE 1588 precision time protocol (PTP) allows the transmission of time information with submicrosecond accuracy in an Ethernet network. However, a comprehensive study is required to enhance the confidence of the power industry in using PTP in present and future IEC 61850 based substations. This paper delivers a design and experimental validation of the real-time time synchronisation characteristics achievable with IEEE 1588. Several factors which can potentially affect the synchronisation accuracy in delivering a time reference from the master clocks to the end devices during both steady-state and transient changes were investigated. The objective is to increase the understanding of the real-time performance of a complete IEEE 1588 timing system applied in transmission substations, and identify the limitations of commercially-available devices.

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Vulnerability of Synchrophasor-based WAMPAC Applications’ to Time Synchronization Spoofing

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

A unified framework for wide area measurement system planning

A unified framework for wide area measurement system planning

Timing Challenges in the Smart Grid

IEEE 1588 time synchronisation performance for IEC 61850 transmission substations

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