Walking Ahead: The Headed Social Force Model

Abstract

Human motion models are finding an increasing number of novel applications in many different fields, such as building design, computer graphics and robot motion planning. The Social Force Model is one of the most popular alternatives to describe the motion of pedestrians. By resorting to a physical analogy, individuals are assimilated to point-wise particles subject to social forces which drive their dynamics. Such a model implicitly assumes that humans move isotropically. On the contrary, empirical evidence shows that people do have a preferred direction of motion, walking forward most of the time. Lateral motions are observed only in specific circumstances, such as when navigating in overcrowded environments or avoiding unexpected obstacles. In this paper, the Headed Social Force Model is introduced in order to improve the realism of the trajectories generated by the classical Social Force Model. The key feature of the proposed approach is the inclusion of the pedestrians’ heading into the dynamic model used to describe the motion of each individual. The force and torque representing the model inputs are computed as suitable functions of the force terms resulting from the traditional Social Force Model. Moreover, a new force contribution is introduced in order to model the behavior of people walking together as a single group. The proposed model features high versatility, being able to reproduce both the unicycle-like trajectories typical of people moving in open spaces and the point-wise motion patterns occurring in high density scenarios. Extensive numerical simulations show an increased regularity of the resulting trajectories and confirm a general improvement of the model realism.

Virtual reality crowd simulation: effects of agent density on user experience and behaviour

“…Adaptations have been proposed to improve model performance (e.g. weighting forward motion, and adding groups, Farina et al 2017). It has also been used in some previous investigations of VR simulations (Pelechano et al 2008a, b).…”

Group abstraction for assisted navigation of social activities in intelligent environments

“…We nevertheless present below the key elements of the standard SFM. For further discussion and applications of the SFM, including variations that account for more human-like motion, the reader is referred to [16,17] and Section 10.3.…”

“…In [17] the authors consider a refined headed social force model (HSFM) that captures more natural human motions in a SFM. This limits motions of particles in the SFM, but yields more human-like trajectories.…”

Analysis of Walking-Edge Effect in Train Station Evacuation Scenarios: A Sustainable Transportation Perspective

“…Up to now, social force model has shown great advantage in modeling human motion [29]. Langston et al [30] represented individuals by three circles shapes to incorporate the rotation of pedestrians, which was a better alternative to describe the projection of human body and collision movements [31].…”