“…It has been proposed they are aware of this gap between their ideal (e.g., high standards) and real self and this awareness may explain why materialists are less satisfied with life (Garoarsdottir, Dittmar, & Aspinall, 2009;Otero-Lopez, Pol, Bolano, & Marino, 2011), more depressed (Norris & Larsen, 2011), stressed (Burroughs & Rindfleisch, 2002, anxious (Kashdan & Breen, 2007), and have lower self-esteem (Richins & Dawson, 1992). Not surprisingly, materialists' dissatisfaction with their life and their value system results in the pursuit of happiness through material possessions (Richins & Dawson, 1992) as they attempt to reduce the discrepancy between their real and ideal selves by making irrational financial decisions (Dittmar, 2005;Richins, 2011).…”