Warburg and pasteur phenotypes modulate cancer behavior and therapy

Abstract

Energetic pathways combine in the heart of metabolism. These essential routes supply energy for biochemical processes through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, they support the synthesis of various biomolecules employed in growth and survival over branching pathways. Yet, cellular energetics are often misguided in cancers as a result of the mutations and altered signaling. As nontransformed and Pasteur-like cells metabolize glucose through oxidative respiration when only oxygen is sufficient, some cancer cells bypass this metabolic switch and run glycolysis at higher rates even in the presence of oxygen. The phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. An increasing number of studies indicate that both Warburg and Pasteur phenotypes are recognized in the cancer microenvironment and take vital roles in the regulation of drug resistance mechanisms such as redox homeostasis, apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, the different phenotypes call for different therapeutic approaches.Combined therapies targeting energy metabolism grant new opportunities to overcome the challenges. Nevertheless, new biomarkers emerge to classify the energetic subtypes, thereby the cancer therapy, as our knowledge in coupling energy metabolism with cancer behavior grows. Anti-Cancer Drugs 33: e69-e75 Copyright

Creatine kinase mitochondrial 2 promotes the growth and progression of colorectal cancer via enhancing Warburg effect through lactate dehydrogenase B

“…Compared to oxidative phosphorylation, the Warburg effect provides a quicker source of ATP, supporting rapid tumor cell division. Numerous studies have reported the pivotal role of the Warburg effect in fostering the occurrence and progression of various malignant tumors, including CRC ( Johar et al, 2021 ; Karaca et al, 2022 ). Zhong et al (2022) have suggested that the Warburg effect not only promotes CRC metastasis but also reshapes the tumor microenvironment, establishing it as a marker and therapeutic target for CRC.…”

Trends in metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance: A scientometric analysis

“…In recent years, a significant number of researchers and academic journals have focused on reviewing relevant literature to summarize the current status of metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance. However, most of these papers have only centered on specific subfields of metabolic signaling pathways of tumor drug resistance ( 9 , 10 ). For example, most reviews have paid attention to specific metabolic signaling pathways ( 11 ), autophagy ( 12 ), and targeted therapies ( 13 ).…”