Warm Plasma Reactor With Vortex Effect Enhanced Used for CH₄–CO₂ Reforming

Abstract

This paper provides a simple manner to demonstrate the vortex effect, occurring inside a plasma reactor operating at atmospheric pressure, used for CH 4 and CO 2 reforming and their conversion to high added value products. The reactor has a specific design to preheat the incoming gas and, at the same time, to cool the reactor bulk. The trace printed on the conical electrode and in the reactor bottom represents a clearly manifestation of the vortex effect. The reactor is also provided with a postchamber to prevent environment reaction and get an expansion in plasma volume sustaining a stable discharge operation.

Carbon nanostructures synthesis by catalyst-free atmospheric pressure plasma jet

“…Subsequently, a breakdown voltage is applied to ionize the working gas, initiating the synthesis process. The primary objective of the vortex effect is to enhance the interaction between the gas and the plasma reactive species, with the aim of improving the conversion process [15].…”

“…This versatility leads to the creation of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), Diverse plasma-based techniques have been pivotal in the synthesis of carbon nanostructures, each characterized by distinct operational mechanisms and advantages. The primary plasma techniques employed for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures include plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition [5,6], electric arc plasma discharge [7,8], inductively-coupled radiofrequency thermal plasma [9][10][11], microwave plasma discharge [12,13], plasma jet [14,15], sputtering and spark plasma sintering [16]. Each type of discharge has specific characteristics that influence the formation of different carbon allotropes such as: monolayer and multilayer graphene, carbon nanotubes, and other carbon nanostructures.…”

“…Warm plasma promotes a balanced energy distribution among particles, enabling more uniform interactions among electrons, ions, and neutrals. Warm plasma is an intermediate discharge state that amalgamates the benefits of both thermal and cold plasmas, leveraging the unique properties of each to achieve a balance of conditions conducive to a wide array of applications [15]. Some applications that have yielded positive results with the use of warm plasma have been hydrocarbon reforming processes using jet-type discharges and gliding electrical arcs [30,31].…”

Influence of Operating Parameters on Plasma-Assisted Dry Reforming of Methane in a Rotating Gliding Arc Reactor

“…Additionally, in an increasing number of countries, plasma reactors can be powered by renewable electricity, thus offering a new route for renewable electricity-to-gas processes and applications (e.g., intermittent energy storage and valorization). Plasma technologies such as dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) [12][13][14][15][16], glow discharges [17,18], microwave discharges (MW) [11], corona discharges [19,20], radio-frequency discharges (RF) [21] and gliding arc discharges [7,8,[22][23][24][25] have been extensively investigated for reforming reactions. However, corona discharges and dielectric barrier discharges present high energy cost of syngas (>10 kWh m -3 ) and low energy efficiency (<10%) in biogas reforming [26,27].…”