Warm-White-Light-Emitting Diode Based on a Dye-Loaded Metal–Organic Framework for Fast White-Light Communication

Abstract

A dye@metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid was used as a fluorophore in a white-light-emitting diode (WLED) for fast visible-light communication (VLC). The white light was generated from a combination of blue emission of the 9,10-dibenzoate anthracene (DBA) linkers and yellow emission of the encapsulated Rhodamine B molecules. The MOF structure not only prevents dye molecules from aggregation-induced quenching but also efficiently transfers energy to the dye for dual emission. This light-emitting material shows emission lifetimes of 1.8 and 5.3 ns for the blue and yellow components, respectively, which are significantly shorter than the 200 ns lifetime of YAlO:Ce in commercial WLEDs. The MOF-WLED device exhibited a modulating frequency of 3.6 MHz for VLC, six times that of commercial WLEDs.

Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid Materials and Their Applications

“…With the intention of yielding a material appropriate for visible-light communication (VLC), Wang et al encapsulated rhodamine B (a yellow light emitter) inside of an Al-based MOF with the 9,10-bis(p-benzoic acid)anthracene (DBA) linker (blue light emitter), obtaining a white light emitter [65]. Currently, the limited speed of VLC is attributed to the use of materials with long lifetimes, around 200 ns, that results in a low intrinsic modulation frequency.…”

White‐Light Emission from Dual‐Way Photon Energy Conversion in a Dye‐Encapsulated Metal–Organic Framework

“…[1][2][3][4] Up to now,enormous materials have been developed to possess WLE performance,i ncluding carbon quantum dots, [5] polymers, [6][7][8] perovskites, [9][10][11][12] metalorganic materials, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and so on, providing great promise in solid-state lighting (SSL), anticounterfeiting,s ensing and detecting,a nd so on. [1][2][3][4] Up to now,enormous materials have been developed to possess WLE performance,i ncluding carbon quantum dots, [5] polymers, [6][7][8] perovskites, [9][10][11][12] metalorganic materials, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and so on, providing great promise in solid-state lighting (SSL), anticounterfeiting,s ensing and detecting,a nd so on.…”

“…Alternatively, WLE can also be achieved by photon up-conversion process, applying NIR excitation with low photon energies.However, such implementation has so far been restricted in rare-earth-doped inorganics,w hich are facing the urgent problem of scarce resources and environmental issues. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Yet, owing to the different two-photon absorption and conversion abilities,t he output emitting spectral ratio from MOF and dyes might be different in TPAand OPAprocesses even with the same host-guest compositions.T his adds further difficulty in getting WLE by TPEF blending method. Such emission undergoes atwo-photon absorption (TPA) process,b earing the advantages of deeper tissue penetration, tight focusing area, reduced autofluorescence, and improved signal-to-noise ratios.…”

“…White-light-emitting (WLE) materials have attracted continuous attention for their fundamental importance and practical implication. [1][2][3][4] Up to now,enormous materials have been developed to possess WLE performance,i ncluding carbon quantum dots, [5] polymers, [6][7][8] perovskites, [9][10][11][12] metalorganic materials, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and so on, providing great promise in solid-state lighting (SSL), anticounterfeiting,s ensing and detecting,a nd so on. In these materials,w hite-light emission is generally produced by aUV-excited one-photon absorption (OPA) process with energy down-conversion.…”

“…While for multi-component materials,b alance between the energy transfer and spectral modulation among different components may be difficult to control and predict under TPAp rocess.F or example,d ye@MOF systems are anovel class of WLE materials under UV-OPAexcitation by combination of emissions from MOF host and dye guests. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Yet, owing to the different two-photon absorption and conversion abilities,t he output emitting spectral ratio from MOF and dyes might be different in TPAand OPAprocesses even with the same host-guest compositions.T his adds further difficulty in getting WLE by TPEF blending method.…”