Warming up human body by nanoporous metallized polyethylene textile

Cai, Lili; Song, Yu; Wu, Pei‐Lin; Hsu, Ping-Chi; Peng, Yucan; Chen, Jun; Liu, Chong; Catrysse, Peter B.; Yayuan, Liu; Yang, Ankun; Zhou, Chenxing; Zhou, Chenyu; Fan, Shanhui; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00614-4

Cited by 336 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…5(f)]. Conversely, for cold environments, metallic nanowirecoated 134 and nanoporous metallized 135 textiles have been developed to suppress infrared TE from the body. Finally, a dual-mode invertible textile capable of enhanced cooling or heating has also been recently demonstrated 136 .…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters

et al. 2019

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Thermal emission is a ubiquitous and fundamental process by which all objects at non-zero temperatures radiate electromagnetic energy. This process is often presented to be incoherent in both space and time, resulting in broadband, omnidirectional light emission toward the far field, with a spectral density related to the emitter temperature by Planck's law. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in engineering the spectrum, directionality, polarization, and temporal response of thermally emitted light using nanostructured materials. This review summarizes the basic physics of thermal emission, lays out various nanophotonic approaches to engineer thermal-emission in the far field, and highlights several relevant applications, including energy harvesting, lighting, and radiative cooling. 2 I: IntroductionEvery hot object emits electromagnetic radiation according to the fundamental principles of statistical mechanics. Examples of this phenomenon-dubbed thermal emission (TE)-include sunlight and the glow of an electric stovetop or embers in a fire. The basic physics behind TE from hot objects has been well understood for over a century, as described by Planck's law 1 , which states that an ideal black body (a fictitious object that perfectly absorbs over the entire electromagnetic spectrum and for all incident angles) emits a broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation determined by its temperature.Increasing the temperature of a black body results in an increase in emitted intensity, and a skew of the spectral distribution toward shorter wavelengths. A fundamental property of this process is that the thermal emissivity of any object-which quantifies the propensity of that object to generate TE compared to a black body-is determined by its optical absorptivity 1 . The connection between absorption and thermal emission, linked to the time reversibility of microscopic processes, suggests that the temporal and spatial coherence of the TE can be engineered via judicious material selection and patterning.Engineering of TE is of great interest for applications in lighting, thermoregulation, energy harvesting, tagging, and imaging. This review summarizes the basic physics of TE and surveys recent advances in the far-field control of TE via nanophotonic engineering. First, we present the basic formalism that describes TE, and review realizations of narrowband, directional, and dynamically reconfigurable far-field thermal emitters based on nanophotonic structures. Then we review applications of engineered far-field TE, with emphasis on energy and sustainability. II: Theoretical backgroundAt elevated temperatures, the constituents of matter, including electrons and atomic nuclei, possess

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters

et al. 2019

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“…c) Thermal imaging and photos (insets) of human body wearing garments made from radiative heating cotton/Ag/PE textile and traditional textile, respectively. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group.…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they used nanoporous metalized PE as the outer shell to suppress heat radiation loss to construct a nanophotonic structure textile for passive personal heating (Figure b,c) . By constructing an IR‐reflective layer on an IR‐transparent layer with embedded nanopores that are smaller than the IR wavelength but larger than the water molecule, the resulting nanoporous metalized polyethylene textile achieves a minimal IR emissivity (10.1%) on the outer surface.…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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have triggered serious threats to the survival and development of mankind. Consequently, exploring novel materials with task-specific applications is of fundamental importance for the sustainable development of economy and society. The burgeoning progress of nanomaterials in recent years has demonstrated that porosity is one of the essential factors in determining material properties for possible breakthroughs in their applications. Therefore, porous materials are playing important roles in many well-established applications and emerging technologies for challenging social and economic issues due to their intrinsic characteristics of large surface areas, open channels, and the possible control over the pore environment. According to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the pores of porous materials are classified into three categories by their pore sizes: micropores are smaller than 2 nm, mesopores are in the range of 2-50 nm, and macropores are larger than 50 nm. [1] Their pore walls include the organic skeleton (e.g., porous polymers, organic porous cages, and supramolecular organic frameworks), the inorganic skeleton (e.g., zeolites, porous carbons, and mesoporous silica), and the hybrid skeleton (e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)).Among the developed porous materials, porous polymers have attracted an increasing level of research interest owing to their potential to integrate the advantages of both porous materials and polymers. [2,3] Table 1 lists the characteristic structural features and properties of porous polymers, and gives a systematic comparison to other typical porous materials, such as zeolites, porous carbons, and MOFs. Porous polymers, zeolites, porous carbons, and MOFs share a number of features such as high permanent porosities, large surface areas, and designable pores and voids. However, they are different in several important aspects. The major advantages of porous polymers over many other porous materials are their chemical diversity and easy processability. Compared to zeolites and porous carbons, the synthesis of porous polymers is generally more versatile and can be approached in a way that conforms to the concept of rational materials design. Similar to MOFs, porous polymers inherit the excellent chemical and physical tunability afforded by the versatility of organic chemistry. Furthermore, Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, ...

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“…Flexible and wearable electronics are cornerstones of the Internet of things which will play a dominant role in our daily life in the near future . The research community has witnessed remarkable progress in the successful demonstrations of flexible and wearable displays, energy‐harvesting and storage devices, memories and sensors, epidermal electronics and electronic skins, soft robotics, and smart textiles . To ensure the stable and high performance of these flexible and wearable electronic systems, it is necessary to find suitable soft electrical conductor, which serves as the transporting channel for the electrical signals to trigger appropriate actions of such devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices

2019

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such as conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes, metal-the most conventional conductor-still outperforms significantly in terms of the electrical conductivity, device compatibility, materials stability, and cost-effectiveness. [1,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In particular, with the recent understanding of the nanomechanics of the metal and the soft structural design, metal conductors are indispensable for most of the flexible and wearable applications.In the literature, the fabrication of metal conductors typically consists of vacuum deposition of the metal and subsequent patterning with photolithography. Although this fabrication strategy can be directly applied on flexible polymeric substrates, it is often too costly for most flexible applications and may encounter materials instability issues of the flexible substrates at high vacuum or strong solvent. In addition, vacuum technology is not suitable for coating substrates with 3D structures such as foams, fibers, and arbitrary surfaces. This has led to extensive research on developing solution-based metal deposition and printing methods in the past three decades. The most reported solution-based strategy is the so-called "metal ink" method, in which solution-dispersed nanostructured metal particles (including nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoplates) or metal precursors are cast or printed onto the flexible substrates and then thermally sintered or chemically reduced to yield the metallic conductors. [39][40][41][42][43] Nevertheless, they are still not widely used because of the following reasons. 1) The metal conductor fabricated through the "metal ink" method shows much lower electrical conductivity compared to their bulk, due to the additives of the ink (such as surfactants, binders, and stabilizers) and the large contact resistance between the NPs. [44,45] 2) The "metal ink" method works very well with noble metals such as Au and Ag, but is not compatible with more frequently used, yet less stable metals such as Cu and Ni. Even though there has been a major shift of research focus from Ag to Cu in recent years, inks for making high-quality Cu or Ni conductors at low-temperature and in the air atmosphere are yet to be developed. 3) The metal conductors made by the "metal ink" method are more suitable for interconnects but are less suitable for electrode applications due to the high roughness and impurity of the metal film. 4) Penetration of the "metal ink" into highly porous substrates or structures with small gaps is The rapid development of flexible and wearable electronics favors low-cost, solution-processing, and high-throughput techniques for fabricating metal contacts, interconnects, and electrodes on flexible substrates of different natures. Conventional top-down printing strategies with metal-nanoparticleformulated inks based on the thermal sintering mechanism often suffer from overheating, rough film surface, low adhesion, and poor metal quality, which are not desirable for most flexible electronic applications. In recent ...

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Warming up human body by nanoporous metallized polyethylene textile

Cited by 336 publications

References 23 publications

Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters

Nanophotonic engineering of far-field thermal emitters

Porous Polymers as Multifunctional Material Platforms toward Task‐Specific Applications

Polymer‐Assisted Metal Deposition (PAMD) for Flexible and Wearable Electronics: Principle, Materials, Printing, and Devices

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