Waste-derived stable carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization using poly (vinyl alcohol)-glutaraldehyde as binder

Samejo, Bakhtiar Ali; Abro, Naveed Qasim; Memon, Najma; Poddar, Sandeep; Habib, Ahsan

doi:10.1007/s13399-023-04982-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…While activated carbons are characterized by a high internal surface area and porosity, so it is suitable for CDI electrode. The research on brackish water desalination using CDI which utilizes activated carbon electrodes has been extensively conducted (Samejo et al, 2023;Kyaw et al, 2021;Huynh et al, 2022). Thus, this research focuses on the fabrication of CDI using activated carbon to obtain information regarding the most optimal materials and parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

Anas,

Napirah,

Ilmawati

et al. 2024

Sci. Technol. Indones

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Activated carbon or activated charcoal is one of the best materials that can be used as a constituent of CDI electrodes, not only because of its various advantageous properties but also because it can be sourced abundantly from plant waste. This research aims to determine the effect of the thickness of the candlenut shell activated charcoal electrode and the particle size of the activated carbon used on the capacitive deionization (CDI) performance in seawater desalination. Candlenut shell-based activated charcoal is obtained in three stages, namely preparation, carbonization, and activation. The carbonization stage was done by using a pyrolysis reactor at a temperature of 400°C for 8 hours. The activation was done with the activator of H3PO4 67%. The variation of thickness was 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm while the variation of particle size was 60 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, and 200 mesh. The results showed that the higher capacitance was obtained with the thinner electrodes, where the best value was the thinnest electrode, 6 mm, which produced the highest capacitance, 122.96 nF. For the desalination of seawater, it is shown that the finest particle/smallest particle size will result in the best desalination performance, where 200 mesh particle size will result in the decrease of salinity from 34% to 4%. That is 88.23% decrease in salinity. Therefore, the using of candlenut shell-based activated carbon as the electrode in CDI is proven to be able to obtain good performance in seawater desalination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

Anas,

Napirah,

Ilmawati

et al. 2024

Sci. Technol. Indones

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“…Electrodes plays a vital role in CDI water desalination performance, and the basic requirement for electrode material is that it should be highly porous, electrically conductive with large ion accessible specific surface area, good wettability behavior and fast ion mobility within the pore network (Curto et al, 2021c;Liu, Nie, et al, 2015). Carbon-based material has the potential to address all these requirements needed for the fabrication of efficient CDI electrodes (Samejo, Abro, Memon, Upoma, & Habib, 2023). Currently, activated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nano tubes, carbon fibers, and graphene-based materials are commonly used for the fabrication of CDI electrodes (Hussain et al, 2022, Liu, Nie, et al, 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide‐activated mesoporous date palm fronds carbon integrated with MnO₂/polyaniline for highly efficient capacitive deionization of water

Hussain,

Jilani,

Salah

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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The continuous population growth and drying up the freshwater reservoirs around the world are increasing the demand for fresh water. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore newer technologies able to purify water on large scales for human usage. Capacitive deionization is one of the most promising approaches to generate fresh water by the removal of salt ions from brackish water. In this work, we prepared three different capacitive deionization electrodes using carbonized palm tree fronds (PFC). These PFC activation was achieved using CO2 at 900°C. To generate the deionization electrodes, PFC activated carbon was combined with either polyaniline (PANI), MnO2, or both (PFC‐PANI, PFC‐MnO2, and PFC‐MnO2‐PANI). The MnO2 and PANI provided additional functionality and enhanced electrical conductivity, which resulted in much higher Na+ and Cl− ions adsorption. The BET surface area of PFC‐MnO2‐PANI was estimated to be 208.56 m2/g, which is approximately three times that of PCF‐PANI and PFC‐MnO2 alone. The morphological analysis showed that the PANI and MnO2 nanorods were well dispersed throughout the PFC network. Although PANI and MnO2 is largely embedded inside the PFC network, some remnants are visible on the surface of the electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves showed capacitive behavior of all electrodes in which PFC‐MnO2‐PANI showed highest specific capacitance of 84 F/g, while the PFC‐MnO2 and PFC‐PANI showed 42 and 43 F/g, respectively. Owing to its enhanced functionality and CV characteristics, the PFC‐MnO2‐PANI showed maximum salt adsorption capacity of 10.5 mg/g in contrast to 3.72 and 5.64 mg/g for PFC‐MnO2 and PFC‐PANI, respectively. Moreover, the measured contact angle for PFC‐MnO2‐PANI was ~51°, which indicates the hydrophilic nature of electrode that improved ions adsorption.Practitioner Points Date tree fronds were converted into mesopores carbon using CO2 as activation agent. Three composites were prepared with PANI, MnO2, and date palm fronds activated carbon (PFC‐MnO2, PFC‐MnO2‐PANI, and PFC‐PANI). Surface area, pore profile, surface morphology, electrochemical behavior, desalination performance, and hydrophilicity of all the electrodes were investigated. The PFC‐MnO2‐PANI showed maximum salt adsorption capacity of 10.5 mg/g in contrast to 3.72 and 5.64 mg/g for PFC‐MnO2 and PFC‐PANI, respectively.

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Waste-derived stable carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization using poly (vinyl alcohol)-glutaraldehyde as binder

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

Carbon dioxide‐activated mesoporous date palm fronds carbon integrated with MnO₂/polyaniline for highly efficient capacitive deionization of water

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Waste-derived stable carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization using poly (vinyl alcohol)-glutaraldehyde as binder

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

The Utilization of Candlenut Shell-Based Activated Charcoal as the Electrode of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for Seawater Desalination

Carbon dioxide‐activated mesoporous date palm fronds carbon integrated with MnO2/polyaniline for highly efficient capacitive deionization of water

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Carbon dioxide‐activated mesoporous date palm fronds carbon integrated with MnO₂/polyaniline for highly efficient capacitive deionization of water