Waste Frying Oils-Based Biodiesel: Process and Fuel Properties

Abstract

The conversion of waste frying oil into a valuable methyl ester (biodiesel) has been successfully conducted and also the acid pre-treatment process was carried out prior to the main biodiesel production process for lowering waste frying oil free fatty acid (FFA) content below 1%. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel were analyzed to ensure the product could meet the standards of fuel properties. The methanolysis was selected as the biodiesel production technique under various mixing speeds namely 350, 400 and 450 rpm, while the other parameters are maintained at the optimum process conditions such as methanol to oil molar ratio is 6:1, percentage of catalyst loading is 1.0% wt, reaction temperature is 60<span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:10pt;">℃</span>, and reaction time is 50 min. Also, the investigation on the kinematic viscosity, density and flash point of biodiesel was performed against a number of rpm. The standards of ASTM D 6751 were applied to measure the entire prescribed properties of biodiesel. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained was 99%. The values of flash point, kinematic viscosity and density were in the range of specified limitations. Other biodiesel properties fulfilled the diesel engine application requirements

Using Jordan Zeolite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesize the Used Frying Oil into Biodiesel

“…It has been estimated that biodiesel, and more specifically bio-ethanol, could supplant roughly 10% of the diesel fuel consumed within European continent total fuel demand [1]- [3]. The alternative fuel that will replace part or all of the petroleum diesel fuel must be in fact attainable, economically competitive, ecologically satisfactory, and promptly accessible [1], [4], [5]. A considerable lot of these essentials are met by vegetable oils, or by and large, by triglycerides.…”

“…Substantial amounts of utilized frying oil are accessible all through the world. In Jordan the amount of UFO range 320 million liters/year and in the US alone the amount of UFO ranges from 5 billion to 12 billion liters a year [2]- [4]. in some places, frying oil used in the manufacturing of soap also as an additive for fodder preparation.…”

Methanolysis of Mixed Crop Oils (&lt;i&gt;Hevea brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; L.) into Biodiesel: Kinetics Study

“…The entire physical and chemical properties (such as: density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, saponification number, acid value, iodine value, calorific value, moisture content, and pour point) analysis were carried out using ASTM D6751 [7].…”

“…The transformation of crop triglycerides into methyl ester (ME) occurs in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst can be an alkali, acid or enzyme, and its type depends on the properties of feedstock and conditions of the reaction [6] [7].…”

Rapid Alcoholysis of Jatropha Curcas Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Ultrasound Irradiation

“…If the process used alkaline catalyst, the process needs reaction time of 2-4 hours for complete reaction to biodiesel production. Several researchers was reported that the better results and industrial scale, the alkaline catalyst is the most commonly used due to low cost, easy to install and shorter reaction time [14][15]. In recent years, ultrasound a useful tool for strengthening the mass transfer of the liquid-liquid systems, has gained much more interest of many researchers [13].…”