Waste materials from palm oil plant as exploratory catalysts for FAME biodiesel production

Saputra, Edy; Sugesti, Heni; Prawiranegara, Barata Aditya; Aziz, Yelmida; Fadli, Ahmad; Muraza, Oki

doi:10.1007/s13204-021-02185-9

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…According to Figure 7b, Ea. was 38.161 kJ mol −1 , which falls within the range of 24.7–84.1 kJ mol −1 54,55 . This is typical for esterification, and it demonstrates that the present catalyst causes a significant drop in activation energy as matched to a number of different esterification catalysts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using biowaste‐based solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation

Kushwaha,

Ao,

Ngaosuwan

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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A novel carbon‐based solid catalyst was synthesized from waste biomass of watermelon peel (Citrullus lanatus) by one pot carbonization and functionalization with H2SO4 for biodiesel production. Oleic acid was utilized as a test substrate in this study given that it is a key component for majority of feedstocks used for biodiesel production. Synthesized catalyst was extensively characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–EDX and Brunauer–Emmett Teller analysis. The catalyst revealed aromatic structure, hydrophilic OH and COOH groups as well as a high density of SO3H active centres with a total acidity of 3.6 mmol g−1. Using the optimized reaction condition (MeOH: oleic acid molar ratio 20:1, catalyst loading 8 wt.%, temperature 100°C and reaction time of 60 min) under microwave irradiation (50 W, 100 psi) a conversion as high as 94.36 ± 0.3% of oleic acid to biodiesel was reported. Activation energy of the esterification was found to be 38.16 kJ mol−1. Catalyst recovery was probed to over five reaction cycles, with a modest loss in activity (81.73 ± 0.4% conversion in the fifth cycle) resulting from limited active site leaching.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using biowaste‐based solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation

Kushwaha,

Ao,

Ngaosuwan

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…The transesterification reaction can also be catalyzed by alkali, acid, and enzyme. The search for more efficient feedstocks and catalysts for transesterification into biodiesel is an area of active research [45].…”

Section: Biodiesel and Bioethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.: An overview of its botany, uses, reproductive biology, pharmacological properties, and industrial potentials

Chan¹,

Yeong²,

Wong³

et al. 2022

J App Biol biotech

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In this review, the botany, uses, reproductive biology, pharmacological properties, and industrial potentials of Ceiba pentandra (kapok) are updated. Reproductive biology entailed phenology, floral and fruiting biology, pollination ecology, and breeding system. Among the pharmacological properties of extracts, anti-hyperglycemia or antidiabetes dominated, mostly from the stem bark of C. pentandra. Industrial potentials of C. pentandra were focused on biodiesel, bioethanol, absorbents, and adsorbents production from different plant parts. Sources of information were from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and J-Stage. Selection of articles in the literature was based on topics rather than on the period of coverage, although higher priority was accorded to more recent references. Some areas for further research of C. pentandra were suggested.

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“…Biomass waste from the palm oil industry includes oil palm fronds/ leaves (OPF), oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB), palm kernel shells (PKS) and oil palm trunks (OPT) (Saputra et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the growth of this industry has also led to increased waste production, especially in the form of liquids and solids (Er et al., 2011; Sabiani et al., 2023). Biomass waste from the palm oil industry includes oil palm fronds/leaves (OPF), oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP‐EFB), palm kernel shells (PKS) and oil palm trunks (OPT) (Saputra et al., 2022). These wastes, if not handled effectively, can become a source of pollution and result in environmental problems (Singh et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of palm waste extract against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Nasmia,

Serdiati,

Tahya

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are species of the Vibrio genus that often cause disease and mass mortality in crustaceans. If not handled quickly and appropriately, these diseases can cause considerable losses to farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution with safe and environmentally friendly disease prevention technology using natural ingredients, among others from plants, namely oil palm. Some parts of oil palm, namely leaves, fronds, fibres and oil palm pulp, which are palm waste, contain antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of palm waste extracts, namely pulp, leaves, fronds and fibres using n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and water maceration solvents against pathogenic bacteria V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, and identify active compounds contained in palm waste. The results of the research are expected to produce innovative and sustainable solutions to control diseases in shrimp farming, contribute to the development of a sustainable fishing industry and open up the potential for utilizing palm waste as a value‐added resource in the field of aquatic health. The results of observations on antibacterial activity tests and identifying the content of palm waste extract compounds were analysed descriptively displayed in the form of figures, tables and graphs. The results showed that palm waste extracts (pulp, leaves, fronds and fibres) with ethyl acetate and ethanol maceration solvents had very strong antibacterial potential, namely 20.14 ± 0.31 mm–25.52 ± 1.42 mm on V. harveyi bacteria and 20.41 ± 0.55 mm–25.00 ± 0.51 mm on V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. Palm extracts with n‐hexane (>20 mm) and chloroform solvents generally have strong category antibacterial potential (10–20 mm), and palm extracts in water solvents have medium category potential (5–10 mm) against V. harveyi and V. parahemolyticus bacteria. The results of phytochemical tests on palm waste extracts with ethyl acetate and ethanol maceration solvents contain bioactive compounds of flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and alkaloid tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Palm extracts with n‐hexane and chloroform solvents generally contain saponins, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids, while palm waste extracts with water solvents contain saponins.

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Waste materials from palm oil plant as exploratory catalysts for FAME biodiesel production

Cited by 11 publications

References 110 publications

Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using biowaste‐based solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation

Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using biowaste‐based solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.: An overview of its botany, uses, reproductive biology, pharmacological properties, and industrial potentials

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of palm waste extract against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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