Wastewater Engineering

Ong, Say Kee

doi:10.1002/9781119304418.ch12

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Urban wastewater treatment is fundamental to ensuring public health and environmental protection. The individual methods are usually classified as physical, chemical, and biological unit processes, although these processes occur in various combinations in treatment systems [94]. There are three levels of wastewater treatment:…”

Section: Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suspended solids settle on the bottom of the settling tanks, are scraped at a central point, and then removed by gravity or a pump. The foam formed, mainly oil and fat, floats to the surface, where a mechanical arm collects it and periodically sucks [84,94]. Approximately 25-50% of the incoming BOD, 30-60% of the total suspended solids, and 65% of the oil and grease are removed during primary treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolution and Prospects in Managing Sewage Sludge Resulting from Municipal Wastewater Purification

Giacomo¹,

Romano

2022

Energies

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Municipal sewage sludge is the residual material produced as a waste of municipal wastewater purification. It is a sophisticated multi-component material, hard to handle. For many years, it has been landfilled, incinerated, and widely used in agriculture practice. When unproperly discharged, it is very polluting and unhealthy. The rapidly increasing global amount of municipal sewage sludge produced annually depends on urbanization, degree of development, and lifestyle. Some diffused traditional practices were banned or became economically unfeasible or unacceptable by the communities. In contrast, it has been established that MSS contains valuable resources, which can be utilized as energy and fertilizer. The objective of the review was to prove that resource recovery is beneficially affordable using modern approaches and proper technologies and to estimate the required resources and time. The open sources of information were deeply mined, critically examined, and selected to derive the necessary information regarding each network segment, from the source to the final point, where the municipal sewage sludge is produced and disposed of. We found that developed and some developing countries are involved with ambitious and costly plans for remediation, the modernization of regulations, collecting and purification systems, and beneficial waste management using a modern approach. We also found that the activated sludge process is the leading technology for wastewater purification, and anaerobic digestion is the leading technology for downstream waste. However, biological technologies appear inadequate and hydrothermal carbonization, already applicable at full scale, is the best candidate for playing a significant role in managing municipal sewage sludge produced by big towns and small villages.

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Section: Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%