Wastewater irrigation in the developing world—Two case studies from the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal

Rutkowski, Thomas; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Buechler, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.012

Cited by 99 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These situations expose truck farmers, sellers, consumers and all the populations in contact with the wastewaters to high health risks as also revealed Cissé [13], Cissé et al [14] and Nitiema [7]. Other studies also underlined that wastewater reuse in urban agriculture represents an important health risks factor for populations in developing countries [18,23,36,37]. Indeed, Kouam et al [8,16] observed an increase of intestinal amoebiasis among truck farmers and truck farming product sellers in Yaoundé, Cameroun.…”

Section: Truck Farming and Health-related Risks Linked To Wastewater mentioning

confidence: 91%

Microbial Quality of Wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries: Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

Nitiema¹,

Savadogo²,

Zongo³

et al. 2013

JEP

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Urban truck farming in developing countries appears of great importance to overcome unemployment and poverty. However, the quality of wastewater used for such activity could expose populations to waterborne diseases. The microbial quality of wastewaters used for truck farming in Ouagadougou city, was examined for the presence of bacterial and parasitological fecal indicators during the dry-hot season (May) and the wet season (July) in 2012. The wastewaters of three water reservoirs and two canals intensively used for truck farming were analyzed throughout the study. These indicators were also monitored in waste stabilization ponds during wastewater treatment in 3 plants of the city. For all the selected sampling sites, the concentrations of microbial indicators in water were significantly higher in the dry-hot season compared to the wet one (p < 0.0001) and ranged to 2200 -53,800 CFU/100ml for Escherichia coli, 8200 -108,400 CFU/100ml for fecal coliforms, 650 -45,000 CFU/100ml) for fecal streptococcus, and 0 -2.4 eggs/l for helminthes during the study periods. For wastewater under treatment in waste stabilization ponds, significant microbial concentration drops (p < 0.0001) in the range of 82% -100%, 78% -98%, 60% -100% and 82% -88%, respectively were recorded between the anaerobic and the maturation ponds. The later results highlighted that improving the refining performances of the waste stabilization ponds technology could help decreasing health risks related to wastewater reuse in urban agriculture for a sustainable development of cities in developing countries.

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Section: Truck Farming and Health-related Risks Linked To Wastewater mentioning

confidence: 91%

Microbial Quality of Wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries: Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

Nitiema¹,

Savadogo²,

Zongo³

et al. 2013

JEP

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“…It has been found that BOD has positive relationship with organic pollution such as domestic sewage (Islam et al 2012), therefore could indicate microbial activities in the water bodies (Nakamura et al 2007;Pant & Adholeya 2007). High level of BOD during the dry season also has been observed in Chini Lake, Malaysia (Islam et al 2012) and Pearl River Delta, China (Fan et al 2012) and Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (Rutkowski et al 2007). In comparison with other rivers in Malaysia, the WQI values for Juru River ranged from class III to class IV (Al-Shami et al 2011), Langat River (Azrina et al 2006), 53.6-81.9 (II-III) in the Linggi River (Ahmad et al 2002), 26.43-86.9 (II-V) in the Penang River (Maznah & Mansor 2002) and 47.59-54.35 (III-IV) in the Petani River (Hazzeman et al 2006).…”

Section: Distribution and Diversity Of Aquatic Insects Communitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Water Quality and Aquatic Insects Study at the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah: In Response to Weak La Niña Event

Harun¹,

Al‐Shami²,

Dambul³

et al. 2015

JSM

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“…Jia et al ( 2006 ) showed that in China irrigation scheduling and proper management were more important to water quality than remedial actions, such as controlled drainage or vegetative buffers. In Nepal, according to Rutkowski et al ( 2007 ), the negative attitude of some farmers towards wastewater stemmed from their inability to control wastewater application leading to fl ooding and loss of crops. Selection of suitable sites, taking into account the local stratigraphy, geology and groundwater conditions, may help in improving the performance of the soil aquifer treatment process during wastewater irrigation, as in Kuwait (Akber et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

Valipour

Singh

2016

Water Science and Technology Library

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The need for irrigated agriculture is growing day by day and the largest water withdrawals from renewable water resources are for irrigation. In addition, the available water resources are decreasing and we need to use non-conventional water resources for irrigation due to looming water crisis (Raschid-Sally and Jayakody, Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: results from a global assessment. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, 35p, (IWMI Research Report 127), 2008). However, the volume of treating and using wastewater is limited due to the lack of adequate data and knowledge and/or negative effects of improper wastewater management (i.e. use of untreated wastewater). A comprehensive evaluation of what has been done is necessary in order to explore wastewater irrigation and to avoid trial-and-error policies. Although a study of wastewater irrigation from crops, soil, groundwater, health, irrigation equipments, modern technologies, and other environmental aspects is useful, management studies in comparison with other aspects can help lead to more reliable and more extensive fi ndings and fi nally a better decision on using wastewater for irrigation. The chapter presents challenges and prospects that may help decision making for the use of wastewater in irrigation.

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Wastewater irrigation in the developing world—Two case studies from the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

Microbial Quality of Wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries: Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

Microbial Quality of Wastewater Used in Urban Truck Farming and Health Risks Issues in Developing Countries: Case Study of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

Water Quality and Aquatic Insects Study at the Lower Kinabatangan River Catchment, Sabah: In Response to Weak La Niña Event

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

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