Wastewater screening method for evaluating applicability of zero-valent iron to industrial wastewater

Lee, J.W.; Cha, Dae-Ryong; Oh, Y.K.; Ko, Kyunbyoung; Jin, Seohoon

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.038

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for multivariate analysis of the FAME component data from each sewage sludge sample using the "princomp" procedure in SAS 9.4. The multivariate analysis of PCA is a statistical technique used to reduce dimensional output through the princomp procedure of complex high-dimensional data [30]. The FAME components for each sewage sludge sample could be displayed in two-dimensional PC plots obtained from the PCA analysis.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis and Weighted Euclidean Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

et al. 2019

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This study purposed to characterize the sewage sludge from various sewage treatment plants (STPs) as a biodiesel feedstock. Crude biodiesel was produced from each dried primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) via in situ transesterification process. The average yield of transesterifiable lipid (TL) was 77.8% and 60.4% of the total lipid content from PS and WAS, respectively. The TL yield had a greater margin among WAS than PS samples due to differences in the biological processes adopted in each treatment plant. The TL recovered from PS and WAS contained 54.2% and 40.1% fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), respectively, which were mostly made up of palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The FAME composition of the biodiesel in the WAS sample was highly associated with a microbial community that grows otherwise, depending on the purpose of the biological treatment process. In particular, the increase in the proportion of nitrifying bacteria that grow predominantly under a relatively longer solid retention time (SRT) contributed significantly to the improvement in FAME content.Energies 2019, 12, 3952 2 of 12 fuel with potential for use in vehicles [6][7][8][9]. Sewage sludge, represented by primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS), has many benefits as a biodiesel feedstock; it is a low-cost feedstock, with abundant and consistent generation during sewage treatment, and the lipid content (necessary for conversion to fuel) in both types of sewage sludge is significant [9]. Sewage sludge as an alternative feedstock could contribute to drastically reducing the material costs of biodiesel production which account for 70-85% of the overall cost [10]. In addition, the generation of sewage sludge is plentiful and consistent on a yearly basis; thus, it can stably supplement the lack of feedstock for biodiesel. Assuming that biodiesel is produced from the total amount of sewage sludge, biodiesel production is estimated to be more than three times the current capacity in the US [11]. Various lipids, including fats, oil, and fatty acids, present in the sewage sludge are biodiesel precursors. The triglycerides (TG) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), which are the predominant lipids of sewage sludge, can be converted to biodiesel via transesterification (Equations (1) and (2)). Furthermore, PS and WAS contain 5-36% and 2-20% free fatty acids (FFAs), respectively [12,13]. The sewage sludge FFAs are also convertible to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) via acid-catalyzed esterification [14].

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Section: Principal Component Analysis and Weighted Euclidean Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

et al. 2019

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“…The second pathway, homogenous (indirect) Cr(VI) reduction, involves Cr(VI) reduction by dissolved Fe 2+ ions formed in Eq. 26 (Bowers et al 1986;El-Shazly et al 2005;Lee et al 2010;Noubactep 2010d):…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cr(vi) Reduction By Zvimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexavalent Chromium Reduction with Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) in Aquatic Systems

Gheju

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

330

186

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Hexavalent chromium is a heavy metal used in a variety of industrial applications which is highly toxic to humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. Moreover, it is a well-established human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure and a possible human carcinogen by the oral route of exposure. Therefore, it should be removed from contaminated waters. Its reduction to trivalent chromium can be beneficial because a more mobile and more toxic chromium species is converted to a less mobile and less toxic form. During the last two decades, there has been important interest in using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as a Cr(VI)-reducing agent. A considerable volume of research has been carried out in order to investigate the mechanism and kinetics of Cr(VI) reduction with ZVI, as well as the influence of various parameters controlling the reduction efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide updated information regarding the developments and innovative approaches in the use of ZVI for the treatment of Cr(VI)-polluted waters.

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“…1. The layer materials applied were proven to be effective in leachate pollutants removal based on the reports (Erto et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2010;Yousuf et al, 1995), and the performance of the combined layers in FLEL were tested here.…”

Section: Setting Up Reactors and Waste Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of layers composition on leachate property from functional layer embedded landfill

Liu

Feng

Zhong³

et al. 2011

Bioresource Technology

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Wastewater screening method for evaluating applicability of zero-valent iron to industrial wastewater

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

Characterization and Recovery of In Situ Transesterifiable Lipids (TLs) as Potential Biofuel Feedstock from Sewage Sludge Obtained from Various Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

Hexavalent Chromium Reduction with Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) in Aquatic Systems

Effect of layers composition on leachate property from functional layer embedded landfill

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