Water desalination technologies utilizing conventional and renewable energy sources

Shatat, Mahmoud; Riffat, Saffa

doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts025

Cited by 214 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…(2), (4), (7) and (10), as seen in [46]. The obtained results are in good agreement with the calculated values in [3], so the employed equations are correct. The values of A and B were calculated to be 1:87 Â 10 −9 ð m = s Þ kPa and 1:11 Â 10 −7m = s , respectively, for a similar membrane and are reported in previous studies [44,45].…”

Section: Study and Evaluation Of The Membrane Characteristics (A B)supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The global demand for water will increase from 4500 billion m 3 to 6900 billion m 3 by 2030, and this demand will only be solved through the treatment of seawater. Some of the successful treatment models for converting seawater to fresh potable water are reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) [3]. However, managing the effluents from these plants is energy intensive and environmentally unsafe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lab scale assessment of power generation using pressure retarded osmosis from wastewater treatment plants in the state of Kuwait

2016

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Section: Study and Evaluation Of The Membrane Characteristics (A B)supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab scale assessment of power generation using pressure retarded osmosis from wastewater treatment plants in the state of Kuwait

2016

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“…Design of a system for producing fresh water which can meet water needs of a city or village respecting the cost reduction is necessary and inevitable. Several methods can be applied to produce fresh water from saline water . One of the most efficient methods that can provide fresh water at a favorable cost is reverse osmosis system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective optimization design of the solar field and reverse osmosis system with preheating feed water using Genetic algorithm

Ghoujdi

Hadiannasab

Bidi

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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In this article the solar energy is utilized to generate needed steam for a power generation cycle which in turn provides the required power of a RO system. Optimization was carried out on two levels. First, Economizer, Evaporator, Super heater in power generation cycle as well as the type of membrane, PV numbers and series were optimized. In addition, the optimum design of a solar field for the system was carried out and the collector specifications, number of branches, and flow rate were designed. Based on the first level, optimization was designed to reduce costs and increase the permeate water production and reduction in costs and pressure drop of the solar filed. Preheating of the RO feed water had different effects on the production of fresh water at various concentrations. For feed water with constant flow rate and concentration of 45 000 ppm, the maximum rate of permeate flow was obtained at 26°C, while for concentration of 35 000 ppm, the maximum permeate flow rate was achieved at 33°C. By using 5 parallel elements SW30XLE‐400 for RO system, in the optimized condition, permeate flow rate and recovery were 9494.19 (m3/day) and 59.5%, respectively. In this condition, the unit production cost of water was 0.6046 ($/m3).

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“…Its main attractive feature is that the process can be driven by low grade thermal energy [2], which makes it a potentially attractive candidate for pairing with renewable energy sources, such as solar thermal or geothermal energy, and/or taking advantage of waste heat, if any of these are available [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison between overlapped and woven spacers for membrane distillation

Gurreri¹,

Tamburini²,

Cipollina³

et al. 2017

dwt

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a b s t r a c tThe sustainable production of freshwater from seawater desalination is receiving increasing attention. Recently, some desalination technologies are taking advantage from the coupling with renewable resources; among them, membrane distillation (MD) is one of the most promising since it can be easily powered by low-grade thermal energy. MD being an emerging technology, efforts are required to optimize geometry and operating conditions of real units in order to reduce the unitary freshwater production cost. In particular, temperature polarization is a well-known detrimental effect for the process driving force; spacers are traditionally used to enhance mixing and make temperature boundary layers thinner, at the cost of higher pressure losses. The present work is devoted to testing and comparing the performance of two different two-layer net spacers: overlapped and woven. Investigations were carried out both by experiments and by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at different Reynolds numbers, ranging from creeping flow to turbulent flow regimes. Experiments (for intermediate to high Re) made use of thermochromic liquid crystals along with digital image processing. Computational results (for low to intermediate Re) were obtained via steady state (low Re) or direct numerical simulations (intermediate Re) along with the unit cell approach. A good agreement between experiments and CFD results was obtained in the range of superposition. Results showed that woven spacers guarantee a better mixing than overlapped ones, especially in the low to intermediate Re range, thus resulting in Nusselt numbers 2.5-3 times higher. On the other hand, the less disturbed flow field induced by overlapped spacers was found to yield friction coefficients up to 4 times lower, thus allowing lower pumping costs. The choice between the two configurations depends crucially on the relative importance attributed to savings in membrane surface area and in pumping energy for any specific application.

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Water desalination technologies utilizing conventional and renewable energy sources

Cited by 214 publications

References 44 publications

Lab scale assessment of power generation using pressure retarded osmosis from wastewater treatment plants in the state of Kuwait

Lab scale assessment of power generation using pressure retarded osmosis from wastewater treatment plants in the state of Kuwait

Multiobjective optimization design of the solar field and reverse osmosis system with preheating feed water using Genetic algorithm

Performance comparison between overlapped and woven spacers for membrane distillation

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