“…Therefore, ensuring a sustainable water supply is crucial to society's welfare and security today and tomorrow (Zanfei et al, 2022). To achieve sustainability and environmental priorities, water managers use various strategies; however, one of the most crucial aspects of designing and planning sustainable urban infrastructure continues to be investing in water distribution networks (WDNs) (Al-Washali et al, 2020;Oviedo-Ocaña et al, 2020;Ávila et al, 2022;Bui et al, 2022). Indeed, before or under abnormal conditions, proactive and protective actions must be taken to ensure customer service and achieve water supply reliability (Kang and Lansey, 2015), which is challenging given the risk and uncertainty associated with the poor pipeline infrastructure condition (Bui et al, 2022).…”