Water Pollution

Allard, B.; Craun, G. F.; Oude, N. T.; Falkenmark, M.; Golterman, H. L.; Lindström, Tom; Piver, Warren T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46685-7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…Our new dataset reported here confirms the very substantial and sustained degassing from Ambrym, whose mean SO 2 emission rate of 5.4 (± 1.6) Gg day − 1 represents ~ 63% of the arc's SO 2 output. Ambrym ranks alongside Etna as one of the largest persistent sources of volcanic degassing worldwide ( [Allard et al, 1991] and [Andres and Kasgnoc, 1998] ). Our new dataset also highlights intense SO 2 emission from Ambae with 2.4 (± 0.5) Gg day − 1 , representing ~ 28% of the arc budget eventhough the sulphur budget at this volcano is probably underestimated due to SO 2 scrubbing by a vigorous hydrothermal system and associated large (40 × 10 6 m 3 ) acid (pH < 3) crater lake (Bani et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First estimate of volcanic SO2 budget for Vanuatu island arc

Bani

Oppenheimer

Allard

et al. 2012

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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International audienceThe spatial and temporal coverage of measurements of previous termvolcanicnext term gas emissions remains patchy. However, over the last decade, emissions inventories have improved thanks to new measurements of some of the lesser-known previous termvolcanicnext term areas. We report on one such region - the Vanuatu island arc, in the Southwest Pacific - for which we now have sufficient systematic observations to offer a systematic emissions inventory. Our new estimate is based on SO2 flux measurements made in the period 2004-2009 with ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques for the following volcanoes: Yasur, Lopevi, Ambrym, Ambae, Gaua and Vanua Lava (from south to north). These are the first ever measurements for Lopevi, Gaua and Vanua Lava. The results reveal the Vanuatu arc as one of Earth's prominent sources of previous termvolcanicnext term degassing with a characteristic annual emission to the atmosphere of ~ 3 Tg of SO2 (representing about 20% of hitherto published global estimates). Our new dataset highlights the sustained prodigious degassing of Ambrym volcano, whose 5 Gg d-1 mean flux of SO2 represents nearly two-thirds of the total budget for the Vanuatu arc. This confirms Ambrym as one of the largest previous termvolcanic sources worldwide comparable to Etna, often considered as the most vigorous source of previous termvolcanic emission on Earth. We also report a high degassing for Ambae of ~ 2 Gg d-1 SO2, representing more than 28 % of the Vanuatu arc budget. Thus, 90 % of the SO2 output from Vanuatu is focused in the central part of the arc (from Ambrym and Ambae) where magmas originate from enriched Indian-type mantle and where peculiar tectonic conditions could favour high magma production rates

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First estimate of volcanic SO2 budget for Vanuatu island arc

Bani

Oppenheimer

Allard

et al. 2012

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Synergy of Satellite, In Situ and Modelled Data for Addressing the Scarcity of Water Quality Information for Eutrophication Assessment and Monitoring of Swedish Coastal Waters

et al. 2019

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Monthly CHL-a and Secchi Depth (SD) data derived from the full mission data of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS; 2002 were analysed along a horizontal transect from the inner Bråviken bay and out into the open sea. The CHL-a values were calibrated using an algorithm derived from Swedish lakes. Then, calibrated Chl-a and Secchi Depth (SD) estimates were extracted from MERIS data along the transect and compared to conventional monitoring data as well as to data from the Swedish Coastal zone Model (SCM), providing physico-biogeochemical parameters such as temperature, nutrients, Chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) and Secchi depth (SD). A high negative correlation was observed between satellite-derived CHL-a and SD (ρ = −0.91), similar to the in situ relationship established for several coastal gradients in the Baltic proper. We also demonstrate that the validated MERIS-based estimates and data from the SCM showed strong correlations for the variables CHL-a, SD and total nitrogen (TOTN), which improved significantly when analysed on a monthly basis across basins. The relationship between satellite-derived CHL-a and modelled TOTN was also evaluated on a monthly basis using least-square linear regression models. The predictive power of the models was strong for the period May-November (R 2 : 0.58-0.87), and the regression algorithm for summer was almost identical to the algorithm generated from in situ data in Himmerfjärden bay. The strong correlation between SD and modelled TOTN confirms that SD is a robust and reliable indicator to evaluate changes in eutrophication in the Baltic proper which can be assessed using remote sensing data. Amongst all three assessed methods, only MERIS CHL-a was able to correctly depict the pattern of phytoplankton phenology that is typical for the Baltic proper. The approach of combining satellite data and physio-biogeochemical models could serve as a powerful tool and value-adding complement to the scarcely available in situ data from national monitoring programs. In particular, satellite data will help to reduce uncertainties in long-term monitoring data due to its improved measurement frequency.Sea eutrophication is recognized as a major large-scale environmental pressure, partially attributed to an excess loading of anthropogenically-derived nutrients [2][3][4]. In marine systems, eutrophication occurs predominantly in coastal areas and semi-enclosed waterbodies [2,5,6]. Nutrient loads to coastal areas have significantly increased in recent decades due to population growth especially in coastal areas. In the Baltic Sea the problem is exalted due to the relatively large catchment area of the Baltic Sea (i.e., 4.2 times the Baltic Sea), and a relatively low water exchange rate with the North Sea. For the last three decades, it is has been acknowledged that excessive amounts of nutrients such as N, P and organic matter-often represented by organic particular carbon (POC)-result in anoxic bottom waters, the spreading of dead bottom zones and increased frequency and intensity of algal...

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Water Pollution

Cited by 2 publications

References 67 publications

First estimate of volcanic SO2 budget for Vanuatu island arc

First estimate of volcanic SO2 budget for Vanuatu island arc

Synergy of Satellite, In Situ and Modelled Data for Addressing the Scarcity of Water Quality Information for Eutrophication Assessment and Monitoring of Swedish Coastal Waters

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