Water purification by freezing and gas hydrate processes, and removal of dissolved minerals (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ )

Karamoddin, Maryam; Varaminian, Farshad

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.099

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The rates of hydrate nucleation [14,130,[142][143][144][145] and growth [79,[146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] can be increased with the raise of the subcooling. Note that subcooling, ΔT sub , is related to the driving force for the crystallization and defined as the difference between the system and the equilibrium temperature [87].…”

Section: Subcooling and Agitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclopentane hydrates – A candidate for desalination?

Ho-Van

Bouillot

Douzet

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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This article presents a systematic review on the past developments of Hydrate-Based Desalination process using Cyclopentane as hydrate guest. This is the first review that covers all required fundamental data, such as multiphase equilibria data, kinetics, morphology, or physical properties of cyclopentane hydrates, in order to develop an effective and sustainable desalination process. Furthermore, this state-of-the-art describes research and commercialization perspectives. When compared to traditional applications, cyclopentane hydrate-based desalination process could be a promising solution. Indeed, it operates under normal atmospheric pressure, lower operation energies are required, etc… However, there are some challenges yet to overcome. A decision aid in the form of a diagram is proposed for a new cyclopentane hydrates-based desalination process. Hopefully, concepts reviewed in this study will suggest new ideas to advance technical solutions in order to make commercial hydrate-based desalination processes a reality.

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Section: Subcooling and Agitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclopentane hydrates – A candidate for desalination?

Ho-Van

Bouillot

Douzet

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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“…Several studies have been performed in determining the phase equilibrium through a pilot scale set up [124][125][126][127][128][129] and the kinetics of hydrate formation have been boosted (by using secondary hydrate forming gases) [130][131][132][133]. Early commercialization of hydrate-based desalination was delayed based on the difficulty in separating the hydrate phase from the residual brine; however, the efficiency of salt exclusion has been examined, and ways to improve hydrate formation via subsequent treatment operations have been devised [133][134][135][136].…”

Section: Gas Hydrate-based Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation efficiency of the method is found to be dependent on the metal ion trapped on the solid hydrate. If proper post-treatment is used, separation efficiency can be increased to up to 95% [134,176]. It is worth noting that, when the Ni 2+ concentration rises, the separation efficiency also improves.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Separation Mechanism Based On Gas Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Hydrate-Based Heavy Metal Ion Removal from Industrial Wastewater: A Review

Nallakukkala

Rehman

Zaini

et al. 2022

Water

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Innovating methods for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals frequently incorporate toxicity-reduction technologies to keep up with regulatory requirements. This article reviews the latest advances, benefits, opportunities and drawbacks of several heavy metal removal treatment systems for industrial wastewater in detail. The conventional physicochemical techniques used in heavy metal removal processes with their advantages and limitations are evaluated. A particular focus is given to innovative gas hydrate-based separation of heavy metals from industrial effluent with their comparison, advantages and limitations in the direction of commercialization as well as prospective remedies. Clathrate hydrate-based removal is a potential technology for the treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater. In this work, a complete assessment of the literature is addressed based on removal efficiency, enrichment factor and water recovery, utilizing the gas hydrate approach. It is shown that gas hydrate-based treatment technology may be the way of the future for water management purposes, as the industrial treated water may be utilized for process industries, watering, irrigation and be safe to drink.

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“…Clathrate hydrates (hereafter hydrates) are a specific category of clathrates, where hosts are hydrogen-bonded with water molecules. 1 The hydrate studies are essential for several technological applications such as gas storage and transportation, 2 water desalination, 3 CO 2 sequestration, 4 and prevention of pipeline plugging. 5−7 Understanding hydrate formation thermodynamics and kinetics is key to the development of hydrate-based technologies.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clathrate hydrates (hereafter hydrates) are a specific category of clathrates, where hosts are hydrogen-bonded with water molecules . The hydrate studies are essential for several technological applications such as gas storage and transportation, water desalination, CO 2 sequestration, and prevention of pipeline plugging. − Understanding hydrate formation thermodynamics and kinetics is key to the development of hydrate-based technologies. The stable thermodynamic conditions of hydrates are primarily dependent on the type of guest molecules and the presence of external additives. ,, The nucleation kinetics and propagation of the hydrate front dominate gas hydrate formation kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Aluminum Cations Promote Nucleation for THF Hydrate Growth?

Ravesh,

Ansari,

Panigrahi

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Rapid nucleation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate is essential for developing a THF hydrate-based cold storage technology. Earlier works have hypothesized the role of aluminum complexes in initiating the nucleation of clathrate hydrates using aluminum metal electrodes and substrates. This study investigates if the nucleation promotional effect of hydrate can be achieved using the aluminum salt, AlCl3, due to the formation of aluminum aqua complexes in water. Metal chlorides NaCl and MgCl2 are also utilized to evaluate the effect of cation type in initiating nucleation, i.e., the effect of charge/radius ratio. The induction time is measured in a stirred reactor at various subcoolings and concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt %. The nucleation time is studied in two reactor configurations based on the nature of salt introduction in the THF solution, i.e., salt premixed in solution and salt injected inside the solution. The sudden rise in the reactor temperature due to hydrate formation is used as an indicator of hydrate formation. Results indicate that AlCl3 promotes hydrate nucleation as AlCl3 reduces induction time by 92.2% at 0.05 wt % concentration compared with water. Nearly instantaneous nucleation is also achieved by directly injecting AlCl3. MgCl2 and NaCl do not show a similar effect on induction time as AlCl3. The pH and Raman spectra measurements with and without salts are carried out to explain the effect of cations on the THF–water solution.

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Water purification by freezing and gas hydrate processes, and removal of dissolved minerals (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ )

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Cyclopentane hydrates – A candidate for desalination?

Cyclopentane hydrates – A candidate for desalination?

Gas Hydrate-Based Heavy Metal Ion Removal from Industrial Wastewater: A Review

Can Aluminum Cations Promote Nucleation for THF Hydrate Growth?

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