Water purification from perchlorate by a micelle–clay complex: Laboratory and pilot experiments

Nir, Shlomo; Brook, Ilya; Anavi, Yossi; Ryskin, Mark; Ari, Julius Ben; Huterer, Reuma Shveky; Etkin, H.; Zadaka-Amir, Dikla; Shuali, Uri

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.05.021

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…An enhancement of about threefold was observed in purification of grey water [75] when filling the filter columns exclusively by a granulated micelle-clay complex instead of its mixture with excess sand at a w/w ratio of 1:30. A similar effect was reported in Nir et al [71].…”

Section: Effect Of Volume Filtered Flow Rate Flow Velocity Filter supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Results of removal of perchlorate by laboratory column filters filled with powdered ODTMA-clay complexes mixed with excess sand at perchlorate concentrations between 50 ppb and 10 ppm were determined and modeled, which enabled predictions and consequently a planning of a pilot ( [71]; see Figure 6 below).…”

Section: Perchlorate Removal: Laboratory and Pilot Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a solution may include many solutes, but when their binding affinities (K-values, Equation (3)) are very small relative to that of a single dominant pollutant. Reasonable simulations and predictions can be executed by considering explicitly just one solute, as in the case of removal of perchlorate by a filter which included the micelle (ODTMA)-clay complex [71]. The treatment employs the Langmuir equation which ignores changes in affinity due to changes in surface potential, on account of a relatively small coverage of the adsorbing surfaces of particles in the filter.…”

Section: Modeling Of Filtration Kinetics 321 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides

et al. 2020

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This review deals with modification of montmorillonite and other clay-minerals and clays by interacting them with organic cations, for producing slow release formulations of herbicides, and efficient removal of pollutants from water by filtration. Elaboration is on incorporating initially the organic cations in micelles and liposomes, then producing complexes denoted micelle- or liposome-clay nano-particles. The material characteristics (XRD, Freeze-fracture electron microscopy, adsorption) of the micelle– or liposome–clay complexes are different from those of a complex of the same composition (organo-clay), which is formed by interaction of monomers of the surfactant with the clay-mineral, or clay. The resulting complexes have a large surface area per weight; they include large hydrophobic parts and (in many cases) have excess of a positive charge. The organo-clays formed by preadsorbing organic cations with long alkyl chains were also addressed for adsorption and slow release of herbicides. Another examined approach includes “adsorptive” clays modified by small quaternary cations, in which the adsorbed organic cation may open the clay layers, and consequently yield a high exposure of the siloxane surface for adsorption of organic compounds. Small scale and field experiments demonstrated that slow release formulations of herbicides prepared by the new complexes enabled reduced contamination of ground water due to leaching, and exhibited enhanced herbicidal activity. Pollutants removed efficiently from water by the new complexes include (i) hydrophobic and anionic organic molecules, such as herbicides, dissolved organic matter; pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics and non-steroidal drugs; (ii) inorganic anions, e.g., perchlorate and (iii) microorganisms, such as bacteria, including cyanobacteria (and their toxins). Model calculations of adsorption and kinetics of filtration, and estimation of capacities accompany the survey of results and their discussion.

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Section: Effect Of Volume Filtered Flow Rate Flow Velocity Filter supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Perchlorate Removal: Laboratory and Pilot Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Of Filtration Kinetics 321 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides

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“…Granulated complexes of ODTMA-and BDMHDA-clay of diameter sizes between 0.3 and 2 mm were prepared as described [11,12]. The granules included 3% of water (see Supplementary Material).…”

Section: Granulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microwave Radiation on Regeneration of a Granulated Micelle–Clay Complex after Adsorption of Bacteria

et al. 2020

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Granulated micelle–clay complexes including the organic cation octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) were shown to be efficient in removal of total bacteria count (TBC) from water. Microwave (MW) heating of granules to restore bacterial removal was investigated. Drying of granules by MW required 20-fold less energy than by conventional heating. When water content of granules approached 10%, or less, their heating period by MW had to be below 1 min, e.g., 30 s, and less, in order to avoid ignition and irreversible structural changes. Structural and thermal properties of MW heated samples were studied by FT-IR spectra and thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA). Inactivation of bacteria in water was more efficient by MW than by conventional oven, or by electric plate. For elimination of bacteria from water, MW heating was at least five-fold more efficient than by conventional heating. The results have established an adequate regeneration procedure by MW heating at durations depending on the remaining percentage of water associated with the granules. Tests of first and second regenerations by MW heating, and HCl washing of columns, were carried out. It was concluded that MW treatment may be chosen for optimal regeneration of the granulated micelle–clay complex as an efficient and low-cost procedure.

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“…The material characteristics of the micelle-clay complex differed from those of a tested organo-clay complexes of the same composition, which were formed by adding ODTMA as monomers [3].  Inorganic anions, e.g., perchlorate, ferricyanide (Nir, unpublished) [14].…”

Section: Production and Characteristics Of The Micelle-clay Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Purification by a Micelle-Clay Composite Alone and its Collaboration with other Technologies

Nir¹

2019

OAJWX

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Removal of chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms by filtration may provide safe drinking water, and decrease the risk from harmful disinfection by products. Micelle-clay complexes produced have a relatively large surface area, large hydrophobic fractions, and are positively charged to about half of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. Their material characteristics differ from those of organo-clays of the same composition, which are formed by adsorption of cations as monomers. Granulated micelle-clay composites (0.4 to 2mm) formed by the organic cation ODTMA (Octadecyltrimethylammonium), removed efficiently from water by filtration chemicals, such as herbicides, and dissolved organic matter, pharmaceuticals, perchlorate, and microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and a parasite, such as crytosporidium. Bacteria removed included (a) Escherichia coli S-17; (b) total bacteria count (TBC); and (c) Cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Aphanizomenon). A model which considered convection, adsorption, and desorption simulated the filtration results and yielded predictions. The emphasis in this minireview is on collaboration of this technology with other procedures, which may enhance treated water quality and reduce the costs of treatment. Thus a new approach intends to utilize both filtration and biocidal/biostatic activity of free cations in removal of microorganisms from water. A two stage purification of greywater by a moving bed reactor followed by a micelle-clay filter yielded an order of magnitude increase in the capacity of the filter. Water purification by filtration followed by solar photocatalysis enabled removal of recalcitrant molecules and indicator bacteria from secondary treated wastewater, thus yielding high quality water for irrigation. Other examples are reduction of membrane fouling of UF membranes and a suggested reduction of fouling of RO membranes by a pretreatment by the micelle-clay filter, or its combination with granulated activated carbon filter.

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Water purification from perchlorate by a micelle–clay complex: Laboratory and pilot experiments

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides

Applications of Chemically Modified Clay Minerals and Clays to Water Purification and Slow Release Formulations of Herbicides

Effect of Microwave Radiation on Regeneration of a Granulated Micelle–Clay Complex after Adsorption of Bacteria

Water Purification by a Micelle-Clay Composite Alone and its Collaboration with other Technologies

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