Water Quality and Distribution Uniformity in Drip/Trickle Irrigation Systems

Capra, Antonina; Scicolone, B.

doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0287

Cited by 139 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…No contexto nacional a importância da suinocultura reside não só no grande número de criadores envolvidos mas também no volume de empregos gerados, direta e indiretamente e pela capacidade de produzir grande quantidade de proteína de alta qualidade em área reduzida e em curto espaço de tempo, em comparação com outras espécies de animais de médio e grande porte (Cabral et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Batista

Oliveira²,

Santos

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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RESUMONeste trabalho buscou-se analisar o efeito de diferentes manejos de água residuária de suinocultura e de água de abastecimento na obstrução de emissores e na uniformidade de aplicação de sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) e montado em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas tendo, nas parcelas, os manejos (1E3A -uma hora de aplicação de efluente mais três horas de aplicação de água limpa, 2E2A -duas horas de aplicação de efluente mais duas horas de aplicação de água limpa, 3E1A -três horas de aplicação de efluente mais uma hora de aplicação de água limpa e 4E -quatro horas de aplicação de efluente), nas subparcelas os tipos de gotejador (G1, G2 e G3) e, nas subsubparcelas, os tempos das avaliações (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 h) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que na água residuária de suinocultura as características sólidos suspensos, ferro total e população bacteriana, representaram risco severo de entupimento de gotejadores e que houve redução elevada da uniformidade de aplicação de efluente quando o tempo de aplicação de água residuária foi igual ou superior ao da água de abastecimento. Palavras-chave: água residuária, desempenho, gotejadoresClogging and uniformity of application in drip irrigation systems operating with swine wastewater ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different managments of swine wastewater and clean water on clogging of emitters and application uniformity of drip irrigation systems. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) and mounted in a split split-plots, having in the plots the managments (1E3A -one hour of application of effluent and three hours of application of clean water, 2E2A -two hours of application of effluent and two hours of application of clean water, 3E1A -three hours of application of effluent and one hour of application of clean water and 4E -four hours of application of effluent), in the subplots the types of drippers (G1, G2 and G3) and in the subsubplots the evaluation times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 h) in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results indicated that in the swine wastewater the characteristics suspended solids, total iron and bacterial population represented severe risk of clogging of drippers; and that there was a high reduction of the uniformity of application of effluent when the time of application of wastewater is equal to or greater than the water supply.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Batista

Oliveira²,

Santos

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…The recycled water samples were analyzed for parameters including Chloride, CaCO3, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium and Nitrogen level using standard procedures in the laboratory of the Center for Water Management and Reuse (CWMR). These parameters also include suggestions by Capra and Scicolone [2] who proposed the most recent and accepted standard for predicting hazard rating of subsurface emitters …”

Section: Study Area and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the recycled water irrigation schemes it also lowers the risk of physical contact of low quality water with the irrigators and crops, particularly for those crops with edible parts (fruit or leaf) growing above the soil. However, SDI systems supplying treated water often encounter poor performance due to emitter clogging [1][2][3]. If one emitter is clogged, partially or fully, it affects the whole system performance by decreasing the discharge of the clogged ones [4] and increasing the discharge of unclogged emitters [5] unless they are pressure compensated (PC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traces of organic materials and microbial debris also cause physical clogging. On the other hand, chemical clogging occurs due to the interaction of dissolved solids in wastewater which precipitates to plug the flow of water [2,10,11]. The process of biological clogging is rather complex due to the diverse nature of recycled water as its quality changes with time and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsurface drip irrigation with reclaimed water: issues we must think now

Oliver¹,

Hewa²,

Pezzaniti³

2012

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is regarded as the most efficient and safe technology in reclaimed water irrigation schemes as it minimizes potential human exposure to low quality water. However, the system performance is often limited due to emitter clogging by complex biophysical activities as the whole assembly is laid underground. Growing evidence suggest that soil temperature is strongly correlated with emitter clogging although the dynamics of how it affects emitter performance is yet to be understood. This study analyses the thermal variation in rhizosphere including the consequent changes in recycled water quality and their implications on bio-fouling of emitters. In the northern horticultural district of Adelaide, seasonal variation of 18°C at 20 cm below the ground is very common and the recorded variation in any 10 year period is notably high (25.8°C). Furthermore, the average diurnal variation is also important for operational purpose as the minimum and maximum soil temperature in any day would always occur in specific times. This variation in subsurface temperature affects reclaimed water quality primarily by regulating microbial growth in the labyrinth flow path of emitters. The ever changing level of microbial quality of recycled water still poses threat to sustainable practice of drip technology. The study concludes that future research, design and operation of reclaimed water irrigation schemes must account for these sustainability issues.

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“…However, they do not permit identifying the causes of clogging. Pressure measurements on lateral lines are the least necessary information to verify hydraulic dimensioning problems (Capra & Scicolone, 1998).…”

Section: Water Quality Related To Clogging Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical treatment to unclogg dripper irrigation systems due to biological problems

Ribeiro

Paterniani

Coletti

2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Many producers use drippers for trickle irrigation systems for flower production in the field and in protected environments. A frequent problem in this type of irrigation system is the clogging of drippers, which is directly related to water quality and filtering system efficiency. The objective of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation to evaluate the efficiency of using nitric acid and sodium hypochlorite to unclogg drippers due to the use of water with high algae content. The evaluation was conducted in six, 4216 m 2 greenhouses, each with two sectors comprised of ten spaces or lines, totaling 12 sectors of a dripper irrigation system in a rose producing property of Holambra, State of SP, Brazil. Chemical and physical analyses and the bacteriological count in water were carried out in the three water sources that supply the irrigation system to check the factors causing the clogging. Evaluations were carried out on water distribution uniformity in all sectors before and after chemical treatment in order to evaluate efficiency. The treatment improved water distribution uniformity and a lead to a reduction in the coefficient of variation (CV) for dripper flow in all sectors. There was a good correlation between CV and the water distribution uniformity index. Therefore, this is an excellent method to be used to unclogg drippers due to biological problems. Key words: trickle irrigation, uniformity evaluation, chlorinate, water quality DESENTUPIMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO DEVIDO A PROBLEMA DE ORIGEM BIOLÓGICARESUMO: Muitos produtores usam gotejadores para irrigação localizada em produção de flores no campo e em ambientes protegidos. Um problema freqüente neste tipo de irrigação é o entupimento dos gotejadores, que está diretamente relacionado à qualidade da água e à deficiência de filtração do sistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma investigação experimental para avaliar a eficiência da utilização de ácido nítrico e de hipoclorito de sódio na desobstrução de gotejadores entupidos, devido à utilização de águas com elevado teor de matéria de origem biológica. A avaliação foi realizada em seis estufas de 4216 m 2 , sendo que cada estufa tem dois setores, composto de dez vãos ou linhas em cada setor, totalizando 12 setores de um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, em propriedade produtora de rosas (Rosa sp.), sob estufa plástica, no município de Holambra, SP. Análises química, física e de contagem bacteriológica da água foram realizadas nas três fontes hídricas que abasteciam o sistema de irrigação, para verificar quais os fatores que estavam causando risco de entupimento. Foram feitas avaliações da uniformidade de distribuição de água em todos os setores antes e depois do tratamento químico com o intuito de avaliar a sua eficiência. Ocorreu melhora na uniformidade de distribuição de água e diminuição no coeficiente de variação de vazão (CV) dos gotejadores em todos os setores. Houve boa correlação entre o CV e o índice de uniformidade adotado nesta pesquis...

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Water Quality and Distribution Uniformity in Drip/Trickle Irrigation Systems

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Obstrução e uniformidade de aplicação em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento aplicando-se efluente da suinocultura

Subsurface drip irrigation with reclaimed water: issues we must think now

Chemical treatment to unclogg dripper irrigation systems due to biological problems

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