Water Quality and Microbial Community Assessment in Artisanal Mining- Affected Sediments of Cikidang River, Banten, Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The total microbial diversity and community in submerged sediments near mining sites, transition and intact sites at Cikidang River, Banten were assessed using 16S rDNA sequence data and biodiversity indices. Assessed water quality parameters in the river were water current, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, redox potential, salinity, temperature and turbidity. Microbial alpha diversity used were Shannon diversity index, ChaoI index and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). These analyses indicated a total of 50 taxa of sediment microbes. Based on Shannon diversity index, the highest value was observed at mining site. High abundant microbes in sediments at mining sites for phylum, class, order, family and genera levels were represented by Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae, and Acinetobacter, respectively. In contrast, high abundant microbes in the sediment of the intact site for each taxon consisted of Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Erysipelothrix. The water quality of mining sites was characterised by alkaline pH (8.807, 95% CI: 8.624 - 8.990) and lower redox potential (59.000 mV, 95% CI: 36.233 - 81.767) that differed significantly from the intact sites (P<0.05). This study also confirmed that mining sites have a higher genus diversity. Research on potential microbes of related genus as bioremediators could be recommended for further study.

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

“…All species have low lead concentrations, many even below the lead detection limit. The lead concentrations of C. chanos are much lower than those measured by the authors of [103], whereby their lowest concentration was 1.447 µg g −1 in the north of Jakarta. Similarly, lead concentrations obtained by the authors of [104] in C. chanos in the Philippines were double that of our findings, with 0.164 ± 0.003 µg g −1 DW.…”

“…Lethrinus ornatus had a high mercury concentration in 2015, 0.872 ± 0.069 µg g −1 DW, a value four times higher than that measured by the authors of [94] for L. lentjan on the east coast of India (0.212 ± 0.002 µg g −1 DW). A lower concentration of 0.48 ± 0.08 µg g −1 DW for L. lentjan was found by the authors of [103] on the east coast of Malaysia. The species with one of the highest concentrations is Lutjanus gibbus with 0.829 ± 0.278 µg g −1 DW in 2014.…”

Bacterial community profiles within the water samples of leptospirosis outbreak areas

“…Firmicutes are also one of the most widespread groups of bacteria due to their remarkable resilience and dispersal capabilities. Takarina, Sukma & Adiwibowo (2022) documented a significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes in contaminated areas, such as mining sites, showcasing its impressive tolerance to heavy metals. Lin et al (2019) also reported the predominance of Firmicutes in urban and suburban sediments in the Yangtze River Delta of China.…”

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“…All samples were sent for DNA extraction to PT Genetika Science Indonesia. Following the manufacturer's instructions, total DNA was extracted from each sample using a ZymoBIOMICSTM DNA Miniprep Kit (Takarina et al, 2022). The bacterial community was analyzed using Illumina HiSeq 2500 PE250 (Novogene, Tianjin, China).…”