Water Quality

Hadfield, Catherine A.

doi:10.1002/9781119259886.ch2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The preferred temperature zone recommended in goldfish is 15 °C to 22 °C. 29 At higher temperatures, the acid-base status of the fish is modified. 9 This can lead to hypercapnia and secondary hyperventilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of prolonged immersion in tricaine methanesulfonate for juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) euthanasia

Perret-Thiry

Raulic

Vergneau‐Grosset

2022

javma

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OBJECTIVE Doses of buffered tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) up to 1000 mg/L for 15 minutes are reported inefficient to produce euthanasia in goldfish. The goal of this study was to determine if goldfish can be euthanized by more prolonged immersion in MS-222. ANIMALS 24 healthy goldfish (weight range: 1 to 10 g) were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 fish. PROCEDURES The first group (G1) was exposed to 500 mg/L buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours. The second (G2) and third groups (G3) were exposed to 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours and 18 hours respectively. The fourth group (G4) was exposed to 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 60 minutes then placed in freshwater for 3 hours. Time to cessation and return of operculation were recorded. If the goldfish did not resume operculation, heart rate was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonic flow detector. RESULTS Median times to apnea were 35 seconds at 1000 mg/L and 65 seconds at 500 mg/L. Re-operculation occurred only in G1 in 5 out of 6 individuals. All fish from G1, 3 fish from G2, 0 fish from G3, 1 fish from G4 had remaining heartbeats at the end of the observation period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall, a dose of 1000 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 15 minutes was efficient to euthanize juvenile goldfish at 20 °C. Different fish body mass and water quality parameters might explain different results compared to previous studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of prolonged immersion in tricaine methanesulfonate for juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) euthanasia

Perret-Thiry

Raulic

Vergneau‐Grosset

2022

javma

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“…6 In fish, ammonia can lead to physical damage, behavioral changes, and even death. 7 The tolerance of fish species to ammonia varies according to their physiological status. 8 Maintaining adequate water quality in aquaculture is therefore crucial, and controlling ammonia concentrations is particularly important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this method, it is important to know the water temperature, pH and salinity in order to evaluate the results of ammonia. 7 Furthermore, the purchase of these devices involves additional costs, e.g. for calibration solutions, cables, and additional sensors, which makes them costly and impractical for small aquaculture producers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%