Water Research Foundation Focus Area: NDMA and Other Nitrosamines

Khiari, D.

doi:10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0081

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, some strains of Microcystis produce microcystins together with β-cyclocitral and alkyl sulfides [ 42 ]. However, cyanobacterial T&O do not inevitably indicate the occurrence of cyanotoxins [ 53 ]. Nevertheless, since T&O can be sensed by the human nose at very low concentrations, they can serve as an early warning indicator for further investigations into the presence of toxic cyanobacteria [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Lake Karaoun (Lebanon) by Mass Spectrometry, Bioassays and Molecular Methods

Hammoud

Zervou

Kaloudis

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Lake Karaoun is the largest artificial lake in Lebanon and serves multiple purposes. Recently, intensive cyanobacterial blooms have been reported in the lake, raising safety and aesthetic concerns related to the presence of cyanotoxins and cyanobacterial taste and odor (T&O) compounds, respectively. Here, we communicate for the first time results from a recent investigation by LC-MS/MS covering multiple cyanotoxins (microcystins (MCs), anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, nodularin) in water and fish collected between 2019 and 2020. Eleven MCs were identified reaching concentrations of 211 and 199 μg/L for MC-LR and MC-YR, respectively. Cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a and nodularin were not detected. The determination of the total MCs was also carried out by ELISA and Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay yielding comparable results. Molecular detection of cyanobacteria (16S rRNA) and biosynthetic genes of toxins were carried out by qPCR. Untargeted screening analysis by GC-MS showed the presence of T&O compounds, such as β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, nonanal and dimethylsulfides that contribute to unpleasant odors in water. The determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed the presence of anthropogenic pollutants, mostly dichloromethane and toluene. The findings are important to develop future monitoring schemes in order to assess the risks from cyanobacterial blooms with regard to the lake’s ecosystem and its uses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Lake Karaoun (Lebanon) by Mass Spectrometry, Bioassays and Molecular Methods

Hammoud

Zervou

Kaloudis

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Following reverse osmosis, UV AOP degrades organics that may pass through the RO membranes. A common example is N ‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and other nitrosamines that are contaminants of interest in drinking water (Khiari, 2017). In addition, there are health concerns with the solvent 1,4‐dioxane.…”

Section: Full Advanced Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet advanced oxidation for indirect and direct potable reuse in California

Bernados¹

2020

AWWA Water Science

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There is high interest in the use of ultraviolet (UV) treatment processes for potable reuse. Advanced and alternative technologies are reviewed at the California Division of Drinking Water. UV is the predominant process used for advanced oxidation (AOP) for projects involved in potable reuse. Potable reuse with and without AOP is discussed. UV AOP is highly effective at inactivating microbiological pathogens and oxidization of organics that pass through the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. While RO is extremely effective at removing most organic chemicals, there are a few, such as N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), that are removed at less than 90% because of factors such as low molecular weight. With a high dose of UV, the N‐N bond is broken and thus can be used to degrade nitrosamines, such as NDMA. UV AOP is also highly effective at removing many unregulated compounds such as 1,4‐dioxane and other chemical pollutants that may be found at trace levels in RO permeate.

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“…Surface runoff enriched with heavy metals, nutrients and sediments, rubber fragments, and other contaminants is an essential source of non-point source pollution to receiving water bodies such as drinking water reservoirs [14,15]. Forested watersheds naturally offer , 0 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf /201928005003 MATEC Web of Conferences 280 ICSBE 2018 more protection to source water, rather than urban or agricultural watersheds.…”

Section: Nitrosamine Precursors In Source Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrosamines: A review of formation pathways, precursors, control, and occurrence in drinking water

et al. 2019

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Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are emerging by-products that may be present in drinking water as by-products of water treatment plant (WTP) operations. Nitrosamines are N-DBPs that form by reaction of chloramine with certain organic nitrogen-containing compounds; however, the exact processes and environments in which nitrosamines form are still not well understood. Organic nitrogen precursors react within the WTP and distribution system, forming the toxic by-products during chloramination, or while in distribution. To best control the formation potential of nitrosamines, precursors must be removed from source water prior to chloramine disinfection. These nitrosamine forming precursors are abundant in source waters worldwide, presenting a need for further study of the mechanisms that reduce the formation potential of nitrosamines in chloramination WTPs.

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Water Research Foundation Focus Area: NDMA and Other Nitrosamines

Abstract: Several recent water research foundation projects provide information for addressing ndma and other nitrosamines in drinking water supplies.

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of the Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Lake Karaoun (Lebanon) by Mass Spectrometry, Bioassays and Molecular Methods

Investigation of the Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Lake Karaoun (Lebanon) by Mass Spectrometry, Bioassays and Molecular Methods

Ultraviolet advanced oxidation for indirect and direct potable reuse in California

Nitrosamines: A review of formation pathways, precursors, control, and occurrence in drinking water

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