Water Saturation Influences on Engineering Properties of Selected Sedimentary Rocks of Pakistan

Majeed, Y.; Bakar, M. Z. Abu

doi:10.1134/s1062739118065060

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The diametral and axial PLS tests are performed in the dry state, and the irregular sample PLS is tested in the natural moisture state. The PLS of the dry sample is higher than that of the water-containing sample (Jeng et al 2004;Deng et al 2019;Majeed et al 2018), and the experimental results are consistent with the research results of Hawkins (1998). According to Eq.…”

Section: Physical-mechanical Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The tested physical and mechanical properties of PWR include the water content, bulk density, real density, porosity, longitudinal wave velocity, expansion rate, PLS and UCS. Rocks exhibit different engineering properties under different water content states (Majeed et al 2018). To gain a better understanding of the original properties of PWR, this paper tested the water content of the PWR samples in their natural state and calculated it by Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jeng et al ( 2004) and Deng et al ( 2019) studied the influence of water content on the strength of sandstone and found that water saturation and wetting will cause the strength of sandstone to decrease. Majeed et al (2018) studied the influence of water content on the strength of sedimentary rocks and found that the UCS of saturated rock is 40%-50% lower than that of dry rock. Wei et al (2020) studied the influence of water content on the strength of gypsum and found that an increasing water saturation had a weakening effect on the strength of gypsum.…”

Section: Correlations Between the Mechanical And Physical Properties ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering geological and petrological characterization of paleoweathered rock in the K1/J2 contact zone in the Ordos Basin, China

Zhu

Wang

2022

Environ Earth Sci

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Various geological processes (mineral composition, structure, tectonics and weathering, etc.) affect the physical-mechanical properties of rock. Petrological and engineering geological characteristics of paleoweathered rock (PWR) from the K1/J2 contact zone are described in detail via field investigation and experimental testing. This PWR exhibits mainly sandy grains and mud structures, layered and massive strata, and calcareous and argillaceous cements; fissures are developed and often filled with argillaceous and detrital materials; 9 minerals and 7 oxides are present, and quartz is present in each sample. Long-term weathering results in a consistent bulk density and high porosity due to the transformation of primary minerals into secondary clay minerals, forming PWR that undergoes argillization in water. The axial point load strength (PLS) is the largest among the tested PLSs, followed by the diametral PLS, and the irregular PLS. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) varies widely, but the results are reliable. The mineralogical, physical and mechanical properties of the PWR are compared to predict one parameter from another and study their mutual influence. The PLS and UCS of the PWR are negatively correlated with the elastic mineral group (EMG) content, weathering alteration indexes, water content, and total porosity and positively correlated with the quartz content, brittle mineral group (BMG) content, bulk density, real density, and longitudinal wave velocity. The UCS and the PLS, axial (diametral) PLS and irregular PLS are positively correlated. These results provide a theoretical basis for physical and mechanical property prediction of PWR masses and rapid estimation of UCS in engineering.

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Section: Physical-mechanical Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between the Mechanical And Physical Properties ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering geological and petrological characterization of paleoweathered rock in the K1/J2 contact zone in the Ordos Basin, China

Zhu

Wang

2022

Environ Earth Sci

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“…48−50 The rock strength (UCS and TS) were evaluated for 34 samples of sedimentary rocks [that have different sandstone and limestone] in dry and saturated conditions, and the results recorded that the saturated rock samples showed a severe reduction of 53% in average strength but a 16% increase in compressional and shear wave velocities. 51 The rock strength reduction is a common conclusion that can be observed for the rock water-saturation phase; in addition, the propagation of the acoustic wave is affected by the saturation condition and showed increased performance, and the rock porosity controls the degree of saturation impact on the rock physical− mechanical characteristics. 52 The interior pore system is very critical for propagating the acoustic waves, and studies through the literature reported that rock mineralogy significantly affects the shear wave, while the saturating fluid greatly affects the compressional wave type through the sonic data acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of Rock Saturation Condition on Rock–Mud Interaction: Sandstone Geomechanics Study

Gamal

Elkatatny

2022

ACS Omega

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The rock saturation condition affects the rock elastic and strength characteristics due to the role of fluid−rock interaction. However, the role of this parameter has not been studied well for mud−rock exposure during drilling operations. Hence, this study targets to assess the role of different rock saturation conditions on the rock geomechanics changes during the rock exposure for the drilling fluids. During the drilling operation, the mud filtrate invades the drilled formation pore system and replaces the saturating fluid and consequent alterations occur for the rock elastic moduli and failure properties. The current study employed Berea Buff sandstone rock type with different saturation conditions (brine-saturated, dry, and oil-saturated) to interact with drilling mud (water-based) through the filtration test to mimic the downhole rock−mud exposure under pressure, temperature, and time conditions. Extensive laboratory analysis was accomplished that covered the scratching test to get the strength of rock samples, acoustic data determination, elastic moduli evaluation, and scanning electron microscopy to assess the internal alterations of the rock pore system. The obtained results showed that the oil-saturated sample showed the least filtration characteristics for the rock−mud exposure and the best condition to maintain the rock strength from deterioration compared to the dry and brine-saturated samples. The rock strength showed a weakening behavior for the brinesaturated and dry samples by 5 and 18% respectively, while the oil-saturated sample showed only a 2% strength reduction after the mud exposure. Poisson's ratio showed a 21% increase for the brine-saturated sample and the dry sample showed a small increase from 0.2 to 0.22, while the oil-saturated sample maintains a stable Poisson's ratio at 0.24. Young's modulus showed an increase for the dry and brine-saturated rock samples by 10 and 7%, respectively, while a 25% reduction for the oil-saturated. The spectrometry analysis results showed the internal changes in the rock samples' pore system for the brine-saturated and dry samples, while the oilsaturated sample showed no internal changes that maintain the rock structure and strength after the mud exposure.

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“…Shi et al (2016) have sown that there is a clear negative exponential relationship between the UCS values of 14 different sandstones and water contents [15]. Majeed and Abu Bakar (2018) stated that overall UCS and BTS (Brazilian tensile strength) values of sedimentary rocks in the saturated condition are approximately 0.57 and 0.50 times that of UCS and BTS values in the dry state respectively [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of saturation on the physical and mechanical behavior of some rock samples

Hamzaban¹

2021

CEBEL

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Different major factors control the strength of solid rocks. Moisture content is one of the most important factors, which can change the physical and mechanical behavior of intact rock as well as rock mass. Several early studies have shown that rock is weaker if tested wet rather than dry. In this paper, the density, P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity of seven different intact rock samples were measured under both dry and saturated conditions. The porosity of the samples was reported as well. Based on the obtained results, some correlations were proposed for estimating the saturated physical and mechanical properties from dry ones. The proposed correlations include different rock types and are more general than the previously reported ones. Comparing the obtained results showed that the mechanical and physical properties of weaker samples are more sensitive to the saturation process. Moreover, among the different mechanical parameters, Brazilian tensile strength exhibited more sensitivity to saturation. Comparing the results with the calculated porosities revealed that porosity is one of the key factors in the effect of saturation on physical and mechanical parameters. It seems that in the more porous rock samples, greater changes in the different measured parameters occur after saturation.

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Water Saturation Influences on Engineering Properties of Selected Sedimentary Rocks of Pakistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Engineering geological and petrological characterization of paleoweathered rock in the K1/J2 contact zone in the Ordos Basin, China

Engineering geological and petrological characterization of paleoweathered rock in the K1/J2 contact zone in the Ordos Basin, China

Role of Rock Saturation Condition on Rock–Mud Interaction: Sandstone Geomechanics Study

The effect of saturation on the physical and mechanical behavior of some rock samples

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