Water-soluble egg membrane enhances the immunoactivating properties of an <em>Aloe vera</em>-based extract of <em>Nerium oleander</em> leaves

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate a blend of two natural ingredients on immune parameters relevant for their current topical use and potential support of microcirculation in skin tissue.Materials and methodsA blend (BL) of Aloe vera-based Nerium oleander extract (NAE-8i, oleandrin-free) and hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane (WSEM) was applied to human whole-blood cultures for 24 hours, with each separate ingredient serving as a control. Immune-cell subsets were analyzed for expression levels of the activation markers CD69 and CD25. Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokines, chemokines, and immunoregulating peptides.ResultsBL increased CD69 expression on lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD3–CD56+ natural killer cells, and CD25 expression on natural killer cells. The number of CD69+CD25+ lymphocytes increased in cultures treated with BL and the separate ingredients. BL triggered production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, where CC chemokines MIP1α and MIP3α, as well as cytokines involved in wound healing – Groα, Groβ, ENA78, and fractalkine – reached levels manyfold above treatment with either NAE-8i or WSEM alone.ConclusionData on BL showed that WSEM strongly enhanced NAE-8i’s effects on immunoactivation in vitro. This has potential relevance for support of immunity in skin tissue, including antibacterial and antiviral defense mechanisms, wrinkle reduction, and wound care.

The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro

“…The cell surface marker CD69 is rapidly upregulated on many immune cell types after activation, and correlations have been made between Natural Killer (NK) cell CD69 expression and NK cell-mediated tumor-killing activity in the classical target cell-based assay, by a number of research teams over the past 25 years. We have found the induction of the CD69 activation marker a helpful tool for natural products research, both in vitro [48–54] and in clinical studies [55, 56]. When human NK cells are co-cultured with K562 target cells, CD69 expression is upregulated, and the increase significantly correlated with NK cell activity, as measured by today’s gold-standard CD107 mobilization assay [57].…”

Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Aloe vera extract of Nerium oleander

“…The traditionally known anti-inflammatory activity of N. oleander [ 27 ] has recently been confirmed by Dey and Chaudhuri in a study with murine splenic lymphocytes [ 29 ]. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activity of NAE-8 ® accompanying the induction of certain cytokines in dermal fibroblasts of relevance to wound healing was demonstrated by recent reports [ 13 , 30 ]. Our findings, which are consistent with those of previous reports, accentuated the significant downregulation of burn-related increases in TNF-a and IL-1b expressions by NAE-8 ® treatment.…”

State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry

“…ESM contains an abundance of antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bioactive proteins, peptides, amino acids, collagen-like proteins, enzymes, and glycosaminoglycans (Yamauchi et al, 2013 ; Yoo et al, 2014 ; Benson et al, 2016 ; Jensen et al, 2016 ; Ahmed et al, 2017 , 2019a , b ; Niu et al, 2017 ; Dubourdieu, 2019 ; Gautron et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019b ; Zhu, 2020 ). Each of them can have a pronounced influence on wound healing as a biologically active compound.…”

“…Each of them can have a pronounced influence on wound healing as a biologically active compound. Proteoglycans in ESM have been used successfully in treating non-healing wounds and burns, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarity to macromolecules found in the human body (Benson et al, 2016 ; Mohammadzadeh et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Collagen (several types, in particular I, V, X) was named as one of the components that accounts for the biological activity of ESM (Yamauchi et al, 2013 ; Benson et al, 2016 ; Tummalapalli et al, 2016 ; Ahmed et al, 2017 , 2019a , b ; Dubourdieu, 2019 ; Mohammadzadeh et al, 2019 ; Farjah et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020b ; Motoji et al, 2020 ). ESM exerts an anti-aging effect by increasing type III collagen levels (Motoji et al, 2020 ).…”