Water supply and effective rainfall impacts on major crops across irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Akhtar, Ibrar ul Hassan; Athar, H.

doi:10.1007/s00704-020-03337-7

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, temperature records are very high in summer months, particularly in June and July [40,56,57]. In Kharif season, the evapotranspiration is greater due to high temperatures, which results in more water demand in these months and hence, water requirement is not satisfied [57,58]. The irrigation water requirement shows a rising trend due to maximum ET in Kharif months from May-August and a low trend in Rabi months during December-January.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irrigation water requirement shows a rising trend due to maximum ET in Kharif months from May-August and a low trend in Rabi months during December-January. This large gap is due to less water availability for the crops as compared to their actual water requirement [57][58][59]. The calculation of agricultural water demand highly depends upon the determination of evapotranspiration (ET) [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unmet demand is greater in November-January because this month's water supply decreases while cropping intensity increases. Unmet demand decreases in April because Rabi crops are harvested in this month mostly [57,58]. It is of paramount importance to strategically manage the current water resources in order to understand and forecast the hydrological response of this complicated system [39,60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scenarios were developed on the basis of water management strategies as well as future climatic variations to optimize the water allocation. Demand site management strategies include water use efficiency improvement, irrigation technology adaptation and a shift towards low water-intensive crops [57][58][59]. Supply management strategies include water supply enhancement by developing storage, inter-region transfer and modifying current operational rules to fulfill water demand [40,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demand site management strategies include water use efficiency improvement, irrigation technology adaptation and a shift towards low water-intensive crops [57][58][59]. Supply management strategies include water supply enhancement by developing storage, inter-region transfer and modifying current operational rules to fulfill water demand [40,58]. Increments in water-use efficiency involve a shift towards a more effective system, for example, sprinkler and drip irrigation instead of less-effective flood and furrow irrigation [52,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Irrigation Supply and Demand, Land Use/Cover Change and Future Projections of Climate, in Indus Basin Irrigation System, Pakistan

Ahmed

Lü

Ahmed³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Sustainable management of canal water through optimum water allocation is the need of the modern world due to the rapid rise in water demand and climatic variations. The present research was conducted at the Chaj Doab, Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) of Pakistan, using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) model. Six different scenarios were developed, and the results showed that the current available surface water is not sufficient to meet crop water demands. The Lower Jhelum Canal (LJC) command area is more sensitive to water scarcity than the Upper Jhelum Canal (UJC). The future (up to 2070) climate change scenarios for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 showed a decrease in catchment reliability up to 26.80 and 26.28% for UJC as well as 27.56 and 27.31% for LJC catchment, respectively. We concluded that scenario 3 (irrigation efficiency improvement through implementation of a high efficiency irrigation system, canal lining, reduction and replacement of high delta crops with low delta crops) was sufficient to reduce the canal water deficit in order to optimize canal water allocation. Improvement in the irrigation system and cropping area should be optimized for efficient canal water management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%