Ways to improve low-yield hayfields and pastures in arid areas

Grebennikov, V. G.; Shipilov, I. A.; Khonina, O. V.; Ashibokova, L. R.

doi:10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-81-84

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…According to the scientific conclusions of experts, one of the main methods for the radical improvement of desert and semi-desert natural pastures is their constant renewal by sowing local perennial wild-growing shrubs and semishrubs. It has been established that when cultivating pastures by sowing naturally growing fodder plants, their productivity can be increased by 10-15 times compared to natural pastures [12,13]. However, improving degraded pastures is not an easy task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the state of degraded pastures by mechanized sowing of shrubs and semibrubs

Farmonov,

Berdimuratov,

Kuybakov

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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This article presents the extensive agricultural characteristics of fodder plants growing wild in nature, which are the most promising shrub and semi-shrub fodder plants for the creation and development of cultivated pastures in degraded karakul (sheep) pastures. Also, the fact that out of 17.5 million hectares of land allotted for karakul breeding in the desert and semi-desert zones of the Republic, which up to 40 percent are degraded to one degree or another, their average productivity has decreased by 21 percent. The authors of the article analyzed degraded pastures in desert and semi-desert zones of Uzbekistan and foreign countries and ways to improve their condition. A method is recommended for restoring degraded pastures by mechanizing the sowing of seeds of shrubs and semi-shrubs. Studies on the mechanization of sowing small-seeded and non-flowing seeds show that, firstly, the mechanized sowing of desert fodder plants is largely carried out on the basis of agrotechnical methods in conditions that do not correspond to the specific conditions of deserts, and secondly, shrub and semi-shrub plants and their seeds have physical and mechanical properties that are very different from other crops and seeds. A universal sowing unit is recommended, which consists of a four-sowing machine, which, in one pass of the technological process of work, sows seeds of shrubs and semi-shrub desert fodder plants with relatively close seed sizes. At the same time, the hoppers of the sowing unit are filled with 1, 2, 3 or 4 types of seeds of different plants and the seeds are sown. During the operation of the unit, the first hopper of the sowing machine is filled with shrub seeds (for example, saxaul) and the hoppers of the remaining 2, 3 and 4 sowing machines are filled with one or different types of seeds of semi-shrubby plants (Izen, keiruk, teresken), etc. The universal sowing machine sows seeds in one direction 3.6 m wide, and when returning, it also sows seeds 3.6 m wide, forming a pasture strip with a total width of 7.2 m. In the first row, it sows the seeds of a shrub plant (for example, saxaul seeds) and, in the remaining 2, 3, 4 rows - different types of seeds of semi-shrubs, for example, seeds of izen or seeds of other semi-shrubs, while on both edge rows of the pasture strip, he sows seeds of shrubs between them, sows seeds of semi-shrubs and creates a pasture-protective strip, consisting of shrubs and semi-shrubs. Simultaneous sowing of shrubs along the two edges of the strip provides for the protection of these undersized semi-shrubs from heat, strong wind and dust, as a result of which they develop better. The following parameters of the universal seeding unit were determined: the speed of movement of the unit is 1.38 -2.22 m/s; working width of the universal sowing unit 3.6 m; quantity of the sowing device 4 pieces; distance between sowing units 0.9 m; the number of seed mixture mixers in the lower part of the hopper is 6 pieces; lengths of cone-shaped fingers softeners of the seed mixture 7.0 cm; normalizing drum radius 5.0 cm; number of revolutions of the normalizing drum 26-30 r/min; length of the normalizing drum 7.0 cm; quantity of triangular chute 8 pieces.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the state of degraded pastures by mechanized sowing of shrubs and semibrubs

Farmonov,

Berdimuratov,

Kuybakov

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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Steppe ecosystems of the arid zone of southern Russia as a factor in the effective development of livestock farming

Surov,

Lapenko,

Khonina

et al. 2024

Ûg Ross.: èkol. razvit.

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The aim of the research is to assess the current state of steppe ecosystems, which are subjected to human impact and to provide scientifically‐based proposals for the conservation and regeneration of their natural potential.The object of the study is the steppe ecosystems of the arid zone in the Stavropol Territory. The research conducted in 2019–2021 included the use of methods and techniques, encompassing the geobotanical, economic and statistical, abstract and logical, computational and constructive.An analysis of the natural resource potential of the steppes in the arid zone of Stavropol Territory showed a discrepancy between the current livestock and the carrying capacity of this territory. The forage for grazing is about 830 thousand tons of feed units, which is 1.5 times lower than the livestock needs. The predominant plant associations are wormwoodbluegrass‐sedge, bluegrass‐sheep fescue‐wormwood, bluegrass‐feather grass‐wormwood, bluegrass‐ wormwood‐salt grass with low species diversity – from 10 to 17 species per 100 m2. The plant cover of the soil is from 30 to 60 %, which indicates its sparseness. The average biological yield of phytomass is 7.0 kg/ha of air‐dry matter. The species diversity of the steppe communities is represented by weed species that have low forage quality. In natural phytocenoses, the cereals dominant in forming cenoses in virgin land, have been lost. There are no any representatives of the legume family in the plant stand.The scientific approach to sustainable development, conservation and regeneration of the potential of natural ecosystems in agricultural landscapes involves the rational use and improvement (rehabilitation) of the remaining low‐yield natural grass stands that have lost the ability of regeneration.

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Ways to improve low-yield hayfields and pastures in arid areas

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Improvement of the state of degraded pastures by mechanized sowing of shrubs and semibrubs

Improvement of the state of degraded pastures by mechanized sowing of shrubs and semibrubs

Steppe ecosystems of the arid zone of southern Russia as a factor in the effective development of livestock farming

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