Weak association between total alpha‐synuclein reflex tear levels and non‐motor symptoms burden in Parkinson's disease

Abstract

BackgroundAlpha‐synuclein (αSyn) is critical to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recognition of non‐motor symptoms as clinical manifestations of PD suggests aggregation of αSyn in extranigral areas.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the association between total αSyn levels in reflex tears with non‐motor symptoms.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 25 people living with PD (PwP) and 38 age‐matched healthy controls (HC). Total αSyn reflex tear levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. PwP were evaluated using the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr Stage (HY), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).ResultsTotal αSyn reflex tear levels were significantly higher in PwP when compared with HC (1.77 pg/mL [IQR 1.75–1.79] vs. 1.73 pg/mL [IQR 1.70–1.75], p < 0.001). The urinary domain was negatively correlated with total αSyn levels in tears (r = −0.416, p = 0.048). No correlation was observed between total αSyn levels in reflex tears with MDS‐UPDRS, HY, or MoCA.ConclusionsTotal αSyn levels in reflex tears can differentiate PD from HC. In addition, total αSyn reflex tear levels were associated with the urinary domain of NMSS but are not associated with motor and cognitive symptoms, nor HY. Therefore, our findings suggest that it does not reflect ongoing dopaminergic neurodegeneration.