Wearable Electromagnetic Head Imaging System Using Flexible Wideband Antenna Array Based on Polymer Technology for Brain Stroke Diagnosis

Brain injuries represent a critical situation, where both detection and monitoring should be quick and accurate at the same time. Microwave techniques are thus gaining attention in the diagnostic process of these diseases. However, the detection of inhomogeneities and variations inside the human brain by using electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies is a very challenging inverse problem. An innovative hybrid microwave imaging method is introduced in this contribution, which combines the benefits of a fast qualitative processing technique with an accurate tomographic reconstruction of the dielectric properties of the human head. This method has been successfully applied to obtain microwave images from both synthetic data and laboratory measurements. Numerical simulations involve three-dimensional realistic models of stroke-affected heads, whereas simplified cylindrical phantoms have been exploited for the experimental validation of the approach. In both conditions, the proposed technique yields promising results, which may be considered a preliminary step towards the realization of a clinical imaging prototype.

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“…intensive study about flexible and bio-matched radiating devices to be employed in portable systems [7]- [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Detection of Brain Injuries by Means of a Hybrid Imaging Method

Fedeli

Estatico

Pastorino

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…In EMIT based brain stroke detection scheme, antenna plays a crucial role. In literature, different EMIT based stroke detection techniques can be found which use rigid and flexible antennas [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The free space performance of these antennas is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using an array of 8 antennae with a dimension of 70 × 30 mm 2 , each printed on a 75-µm-thick PET substrate, Bashri et al investigated a wearable head imaging system [9]. Alqadami et al used a flexible and wideband 8-element array antenna with a dimension of 85 × 60 × 4 mm 3 based on a multilayer PDMS polymer substrate to detect brain stroke with a head imaging system [10]. Above discussed investigations take time for effective image reconstruction [11] and have strong multipath reflections due to array configuration [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above discussed investigations take time for effective image reconstruction [11] and have strong multipath reflections due to array configuration [12,13]. All these techniques used rigid substrates except Bashri et al [9] and Alqadami et al [10]. Though Bashri et al and Alqadami et al used flexible substrates, these antennas have comparatively larger dimensions due to the array configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, a compact slotted disc monopole antenna is designed and printed on a PET substrate for early detection of brain stroke. The size of this antenna is reduced to 40 × 38 mm 2 as compared to earlier reported antennas for stroke detection [5,[7][8][9][10]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) ink is used due to its high conductivity (6.3 × 10 7 S/m) [14] and anti-oxidation properties unlike copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) ink which is extremely vulnerable to oxidation in the air [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Brain Stroke Detection Using Flexible Monopole Antenna

Rahman¹,

Hossain²,

Riheen³

et al. 2020

PIER C

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In this paper, an inkjet printed slotted disc monopole antenna is designed, printed, and analyzed at 2.45 GHz ISM band on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for early detection of brain stroke. PET is used as a substrate due to its low loss tangent, flexible, and moistureresistant properties. By the implementation of slotting method, the size of this antenna is reduced to 40 × 38 mm 2 . The printed antenna exhibits 480 MHz (19.55%) bandwidth ranging from 2.25 GHz to 2.73 GHz frequency. It shows a radiation efficiency of 99% with a realized gain of 2.78 dB at 2.45 GHz frequency. The Monostatic Radar (MR) approach is considered to detect brain stroke by analyzing the variations in received signals from the head model with and without stroke. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution at 2.45 GHz frequency is calculated. The compact size and flexible properties make this monopole antenna suitable for early detection of brain stroke.

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