Wearable transparent PVDF transducer for photoacoustic imager in body sensor network

Future prospects and recent developments of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer; fabrication methods, structure, and electro-mechanical properties

“…PVDF has high chemical stability for use in membranes, electrolytes, and catalysis for wastewater treatment 77 and filtration technology, bioreactors, distillation, gas separation, 78 separators for lithium-ion batteries, 79 etc. Owing to its high piezoelectricity, pyro and ferroelectric properties as well as low density, toughness, and flexibility, it has applications in wearable functional devices, 80 transducers 81 and sensors (chemical, pressure, impact, audio, ultrasonic and biosensors), health monitoring systems, biomaterials, and flexible actuator devices. 1 In electronic devices, such as speakers, LCDs, LEDs, watches, and telecommunication devices, piezoelectric ignition systems measure the mechanical and physical changes under shock loading.…”